Intrauterine growth restriction

Intrauterine growth restriction
Other namesFetal growth restriction (FGR),[1][2] intrauterine growth retardation,[3][4]
Micrograph of villitis of unknown etiology, a placental pathology associated with IUGR. H&E stain.
SpecialtyPediatrics, obstetrics Edit this on Wikidata

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), or fetal growth restriction, is the poor growth of a fetus while in the womb during pregnancy. IUGR is defined by clinical features of malnutrition and evidence of reduced growth regardless of an infant's birth weight percentile.[5] The causes of IUGR are broad and may involve maternal, fetal, or placental complications.[6]

At least 60% of the 4 million neonatal deaths that occur worldwide every year are associated with low birth weight (LBW), caused by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm delivery, and genetic abnormalities,[7] demonstrating that under-nutrition is already a leading health problem at birth.

Intrauterine growth restriction can result in a baby being small for gestational age (SGA), which is most commonly defined as a weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age.[8] At the end of pregnancy, it can result in a low birth weight.

  1. ^ "UpToDate".
  2. ^ "Intrauterine Growth Restriction. IUGR information".
  3. ^ Vandenbosche, Robert C.; Kirchner, Jeffrey T. (15 October 1998). "Intrauterine Growth Retardation". American Family Physician. 56 (6): 1384–1390. PMID 9803202. Retrieved 20 February 2016. Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), which is defined as less than 10 percent of predicted fetal weight for gestational age, may result in significant fetal morbidity and mortality if not properly diagnosed. The condition is most commonly caused by inadequate maternal-fetal circulation, with a resultant decrease in fetal growth.
  4. ^ White, Cynthia D. (16 November 2014). "Intrauterine growth restriction". MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21 February 2016. Alternative Names: Intrauterine growth retardation; IUGR
  5. ^ Kesavan, K.; Devaskar, S. U. (2019-04-01). "Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Postnatal Monitoring and Outcomes". Pediatric Clinics of North America. 66 (2): 403–423. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2018.12.009. ISSN 0031-3955. PMID 30819345. S2CID 73488004.
  6. ^ "Fetal Growth Restriction: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 227". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 137 (2): e16–e28. February 2021. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000004251. ISSN 0029-7844. PMID 33481528. S2CID 231680750.
  7. ^ Lawn JE, Cousens S, Zupan J (2005). "4 million neonatal deaths: when? Where? Why?". The Lancet. 365 (9462): 891–900. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)71048-5. PMID 15752534. S2CID 20891663.
  8. ^ Small for gestational age (SGA) at MedlinePlus. Update Date: 8/4/2009. Updated by: Linda J. Vorvick. Also reviewed by David Zieve.