Intrauterine hypoxia

Intrauterine hypoxia
Micrograph of a placental infarct (left of image), a cause of intrauterine hypoxia. H&E stain.
SpecialtyPediatrics Edit this on Wikidata

Intrauterine hypoxia (also known as fetal hypoxia) occurs when the fetus is deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen. It may be due to a variety of reasons such as prolapse or occlusion of the umbilical cord, placental infarction, maternal diabetes (prepregnancy or gestational diabetes)[1] and maternal smoking. Intrauterine growth restriction may cause or be the result of hypoxia. Intrauterine hypoxia can cause cellular damage that occurs within the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). This results in an increased mortality rate, including an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Oxygen deprivation in the fetus and neonate have been implicated as either a primary or as a contributing risk factor in numerous neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders such as epilepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, eating disorders and cerebral palsy.[2][3][4][5][6][7]

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  2. ^ Maslova MV, Maklakova AS, Sokolova NA, Ashmarin IP, Goncharenko EN, Krushinskaya YV (July 2003). "The effects of ante- and postnatal hypoxia on the central nervous system and their correction with peptide hormones". Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology. 33 (6): 607–11. doi:10.1023/A:1023938905744. PMID 14552554. S2CID 1170955.
  3. ^ Habek D, Habek JC, Jugović D, Salihagić A (2002). "[Intrauterine hypoxia and sudden infant death syndrome]". Acta Medica Croatica. 56 (3): 109–18. PMID 12630342.
  4. ^ Bulterys MG, Greenland S, Kraus JF (October 1990). "Chronic fetal hypoxia and sudden infant death syndrome: interaction between maternal smoking and low hematocrit during pregnancy". Pediatrics. 86 (4): 535–40. doi:10.1542/peds.86.4.535. PMID 2216618. S2CID 245156371.
  5. ^ Peleg D, Kennedy CM, Hunter SK (August 1998). "Intrauterine growth restriction: identification and management". American Family Physician. 58 (2): 453–60, 466–7. PMID 9713399.
  6. ^ Rosenberg A (June 2008). "The IUGR newborn". Seminars in Perinatology. 32 (3): 219–24. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2007.11.003. PMID 18482625.
  7. ^ Gonzalez FF, Miller SP (November 2006). "Does perinatal asphyxia impair cognitive function without cerebral palsy?". Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 91 (6): F454-9. doi:10.1136/adc.2005.092445. PMC 2672766. PMID 17056843.