Ira Hayes | |
|---|---|
 Marine Corps recruit photo of Hayes in 1942 | |
| Birth name | Ira Hamilton Hayes |
| Nickname(s) | "Chief Falling Cloud",[1][2] "Chief"[3] |
| Born | January 12, 1923 Sacaton, Arizona, U.S. |
| Died | January 24, 1955 (aged 32) Bapchule, Arizona, U.S. |
| Buried | Section 34, Arlington National Cemetery |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service | United States Marine Corps |
| Years of service | 1941–1945 |
| Rank | Corporal |
| Unit |
|
| Battles / wars | World War II |
| Awards | |
Ira Hamilton Hayes (January 12, 1923 – January 24, 1955) was an Akimel O'odham Indigenous American and a United States Marine during World War II. Hayes was an enrolled member of the Gila River Indian Community, located in Pinal and Maricopa counties in Arizona. He enlisted in the United States Marine Corps Reserve on August 26, 1942, and, after recruit training, volunteered to become a Paramarine. He fought in the Bougainville and Iwo Jima campaigns in the Pacific War.
Hayes was generally known as one of the six men who appeared in the iconic photograph Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima by photographer Joe Rosenthal.[4][5] The first flag raised over Mount Suribachi on February 23, 1945 at the south end of Iwo Jima, was deemed too small and was replaced the same day by a larger flag. A photo of the second flag-raising, which included Hayes in it, became famous and was widely reproduced. After the battle, Hayes and two other men were identified as surviving second flag-raisers and were reassigned to help raise funds for the Seventh War Loan drive. In 1946, after his service in the Marine Corps, he was instrumental in revealing the correct identity of one of the Marines in the photograph.
After the war, Hayes suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder and descended into alcoholism. On November 10, 1954, he attended the dedication of the Marine Corps War Memorial in Arlington County, Virginia, which was modeled after the photograph of Hayes and five other Marines raising the second flag on Iwo Jima. After a night of heavy drinking on January 23–24, 1955, he died of exposure due to the cold and alcohol poisoning. He was buried with full military honors at Arlington National Cemetery on February 2, 1955.
Hayes was commemorated in art and film, before and after his death. In 1949, he portrayed himself raising the flag in the movie Sands of Iwo Jima, starring John Wayne. He was the subject of an article by journalist William Bradford Huie, which was adapted for the feature film The Outsider (1961), starring Tony Curtis as Hayes. The movie inspired songwriter Peter La Farge to write "The Ballad of Ira Hayes," which became popular nationwide in 1964 after being recorded by Johnny Cash. In 2006, Hayes was portrayed by Adam Beach in the World War II movie Flags of Our Fathers, directed by Clint Eastwood.
- ^ Bradley & Powers 2006, p. 78
- ^ "Chief Falling Cloud". Archived from the original on 2012-10-29. Retrieved 2012-06-14.
- ^ Ira Hayes, Pima Marine, by Albert Hemingway, 1988, ISBN 0819171700.
- ^ Ó'Riain, Seán (2006-09-01). "An Irishman's Diary". The Irish Times.
- ^ "Corporal Ira Hamilton Hayes, USMCR". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. Archived from the original on 2006-10-31. Retrieved 2006-09-01.