Iraqi Turkmen

Iraqi Turkmen
Irak Türkmenleri
Flag of Turkmeneli
Total population
3 million (2013 Iraqi Ministry of Planning estimate)[1][2]
Estimated 4 million to 5 million (or 10%–13% of the Iraqi population in 2020–21)[3][4][5][6]
Regions with significant populations
Predominantly in the Turkmeneli region:
Governorates of Kirkuk, Erbil, Nineveh, Saladin and Diyala[7][8]
Languages
Turkmen dialect[9]
Also Iraqi Arabic, Kurdish,[7] Standard Turkish
Religion
Predominantly Islam (60%-70% Sunni; 30%-40% Shia)[10]
Minority Christianity (Roman Catholic)[11][12]

The Iraqi Turkmen (also spelled as Turkoman and Turcoman; Turkish: Irak Türkmenleri), also referred to as Iraqi Turks,[13][14] Turkish-Iraqis,[15] the Turkish minority in Iraq,[14] and the Iraqi-Turkish minority[16] (Arabic: تركمان العراق, romanized: Turkumān al-ʻIrāq; Turkish: Irak Türkleri, Kurdish: تورکمانی عێراق, Turkmanî Êraq) are Iraq's third largest ethnic group.[17][18] They make up to 10%–13% of the Iraqi population and are native to northern Iraq.[3][4][5][6] Iraqi Turkmen share ties with Turkish people, and do not identify with the Turkmen of Turkmenistan and Central Asia.[19][20][21][1][2]

  1. ^ a b Triana 2017, p. 168: "Turkmen, Iraqi citizens of Turkish origin, are the third largest ethnic group in Iraq after Arabs and Kurds and they are said to number about 3 million of Iraq's 34.7 million citizens according to the Iraqi Ministry of Planning."
  2. ^ a b Bassem, Wassim (2016). "Iraq's Turkmens call for independent province". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 12 September 2021. Iraqi Turkmens, who are citizens of Iraq with Turkish origins, have been calling for their own independent province in the Tal Afar district west of Mosul, located in the center of the Ninevah province...Turkmens are a mix of Sunnis and Shiites and are the third-largest ethnicity in Iraq after Arabs and Kurds, numbering around 3 million out of the total population of about 34.7 million, according to 2013 data from the Iraqi Ministry of Planning.
  3. ^ a b Tastekin, Fehim (2018). "Why Iraqi Turkmens are excluded from the new government". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 12 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021. Turkmens are said to be 10-13% of the overall Iraqi population, but that ratio is not reflected in parliament.
  4. ^ a b Dolamari, Mewan (2016). "'Turkmens marginalized in Mosul liberation'". Kurdistan24. Archived from the original on 12 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021. Turkmens in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region... represent the third largest ethnic group in Iraq (13 percent of the population).
  5. ^ a b Güger, M. Birol (2021). "Erşat Salihi'nin istifası, iç savaş senaryoları ve Irak Türklerinin geleceği" [Erşat Salihi's resignation, civil war scenarios and the future of Iraqi Turks] (in Turkish). Cumhuriyet. Retrieved 12 September 2021. Peki, bu durumda Irak'ta yaşayan 4 milyon Türk ne ile karşılaşacak? [So, what will the 4 million Turks living in Iraq face in this case?]
  6. ^ a b Sari, Esra (2020). "Irak'ta 5 milyon Türkmen yaşıyor" [5 million Turkmen live in Iraq] (in Turkish). Ticari Hayat. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021. Irak'ta yaklaşık 5 milyon Türkmen yaşamaktadır. [About 5 million Turkmen live in Iraq.]
  7. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ [1]
  9. ^ Johanson, Lars (2021), Turkic, Cambridge University Press, pp. 98–99, ISBN 9781009038218 – via Google Books, Turkish is the largest and most vigorous Turkic language, spoken by over 80 million people, a third of the total number of Turkic-speakers... Turkish is a recognized regional minority language in North Macedonia, Kosovo, Romania, and Iraq.
  10. ^ Oğuzlu 2004, p. 313.
  11. ^ al-Lami, Mina (21 July 2014). "Iraq: The minorities of Nineveh". BBC. Archived from the original on 14 May 2020.
  12. ^ Shams, Alex. "Iraq's Turkmen mobilise for a post-ISIL future". Al Jazeera.
  13. ^ Demirci, Fazil (1991). The Iraqi Turks Yesterday and Today. Turkish Historical Society Printing Press. ISBN 9759544326.
  14. ^ a b Kushner, David (1987). "Pan-Turkism Today: Contemporary Turkey and the "Outside Turks"". Asian and African Studies: Journal of the Israel Oriental Society. 21 (2): 202. ISSN 0066-8281. Official reaction to the question of the Turkish minority in Iraq did change somewhat in the course of 1980 when it was learnt that several Iraqi Turks had been tried and executed on charges of reason
  15. ^ Cuthell, David (2007). "Turkey Eyes Iraq". Georgetown Journal of International Affairs. 8 (2). Georgetown University Press: 66.
  16. ^ Kirkuk, GlobalSecurity.org, Ankara had strongly opposed Iraqi Kurdish aspirations to take control of Kirkuk, arguing it belongs as much to the Iraqi Turkish minority.
  17. ^ Sadik 2009, p. 13: "the Turkmen are Iraq's third-largest ethnic group after the Arabs and Kurds"
  18. ^ Barker 2012, p. 23: "The Turkish-speaking Turkmen are the third-largest ethnic group in Iraq after the Arabs and the Kurds."
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference Peyrouse2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ Kushner 1987, p. 209.
  21. ^ The New York Times (2015). "Who Are the Turkmens of Syria?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 January 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.