Iron oxide copper gold ore deposits

Iron oxide copper gold ore deposits (IOCG) are important and highly valuable concentrations of copper, gold and uranium ores hosted within iron oxide dominant gangue assemblages which share a common genetic origin.[1]

These ore bodies range from around 10 million to >4,000 million tonnes of contained ore, and have a grade of between 0.2% and 5% copper, with gold contents ranging from 0.1 to 1.41 grams per tonne.[2] These ore bodies tend to express as cone-like, blanket-like breccia sheets within granitic margins, or as long ribbon-like breccia or massive iron oxide deposits within faults or shears.[3]

The tremendous size, relatively simple metallurgy and relatively high grade of IOCG deposits can produce extremely profitable mines, although the formation of these deposits is still not fully understood, and the fluid origin of the world class deposits are still being investigated.[4]

Iron oxide copper-gold deposits are also often associated with other valuable trace elements such as uranium, bismuth and rare-earth metals, although these accessories are typically subordinate to copper and gold in economic terms.

Some examples include the Olympic Dam, South Australia, and Candelaria, Chile deposits.

  1. ^ Australia, Australia Government Geoscience (2014-05-29). "2.4 Iron oxide copper-gold mineral system". www.ga.gov.au. Retrieved 2021-02-09.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Zhu-2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Hitzman, Murray W.; Oreskes, Naomi; Einaudi, Marco T. (1992-10-01). "Geological characteristics and tectonic setting of proterozoic iron oxide (CuUAuREE) deposits". Precambrian Research. Precambrian Metallogeny Related to Plate Tectonics. 58 (1): 241–287. Bibcode:1992PreR...58..241H. doi:10.1016/0301-9268(92)90121-4. ISSN 0301-9268.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Schlegel-2020 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).