Islamic Nations Party

Islamic Nations Party
LeadersKazem Mousavi-Bojnourdi (POW)
Dates of operationlate 1950s[1]–late 1960s[2]
Main phase: 1963–1965[1]
HeadquartersTehran, Iran
Ideology
Political positionFar-left
Size~200[1]
Allies
OpponentsIran Imperial State of Iran
Battles and warsIranian Revolution
Preceded by
Fada'iyan-e Islam[7][6]
Succeeded by

Islamic Nations Party or Party of Islamic Nations (Persian: حزب ملل اسلامی, romanized: Ḥezb-e melal-e eslāmi) was an Islamic leftist armed group with clandestine system[9] short-lived during 1960s. It was initially a secret society active against Pahlavi dynasty in late 1950s.[1] It consisted of middle-class youth, mostly highschool teachers and university students.[1]

The organization was reportedly involved in 1963 events and 1965 assassination of Hassan Ali Mansur.[7][6] However, it is alleged that opening fire on Police before arrest of leading members was its "sole standoff".[1]

After a visit to Iraq, leader Mousavi-Bojnourdi brought two firearms for the planned bank robbery and kidnapping. A rank-and-file member was arrested accidentally and led security forces to a 140-men list of the members.[1] A cache of arms belonging to the party was also discovered in the hills of north Tehran.[6]

55 members of the group were arrested in 1965[1] and received long-term confinements in 1966 by military tribunal. Four members were executed[6] and death sentence of the leader Mousavi-Bojnourdi reduced to life in prison.[1]

A number of Revolutionary Guards commanders including Javad Mansouri, Abbas Zamani and Abbas Duzduzani were members of the group.[5]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Vahabzadeh, Peyman (2010). "Islamic Nations Party". Guerrilla Odyssey: Modernization, Secularism, Democracy, and the Fadai Period of National Liberation In Iran, 1971-1979. Syracuse University Press. pp. 9–10. ISBN 9780815651475.
  2. ^ Taheri, Amir (1986). The Spirit of Allah: Khomeini and the Islamic revolution. Adler & Adler. p. 187. ISBN 9780917561047.
  3. ^ a b Torāb Ḥaqšenās (April 5, 2012) [December 15, 2007]. "ISLAM IN IRAN xiii. ISLAMIC POLITICAL MOVEMENTS IN 20TH CENTURY IRAN". In Ashraf, Ahmad (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Fasc. 2. Vol. XIV. New York City: Bibliotheca Persica Press. pp. 157–172. Retrieved March 15, 2016.
  4. ^ a b Bashiriyeh, Hossein (27 April 2012). The State and Revolution in Iran (RLE Iran D). Taylor & Francis. pp. 13–14. ISBN 9781136820892.
  5. ^ a b Steven O'Hern (2012). Iran's Revolutionary Guard: The Threat That Grows While America Sleeps. Potomac Books, Inc. pp. 18, 22–23. ISBN 978-1597977012.
  6. ^ a b c d e Said Amir Arjomand (1984). From Nationalism to Revolutionary Islam. SUNY Press. p. 167. ISBN 9780873958707.
  7. ^ a b Mehrzad Boroujerdi (1996). Iranian Intellectuals and the West: The Tormented Triumph of Nativism. Syracuse University Press. pp. 83–84. ISBN 978-0-8156-0433-4.
  8. ^ Torāb Ḥaqšenās (October 27, 2011) [December 15, 1992]. "COMMUNISM iii. In Persia after 1953". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Fasc. 1. Vol. VI. New York City: Bibliotheca Persica Press. pp. 105–112. Retrieved March 15, 2016.
  9. ^ Marvin Zonis (2015). Political Elite of Iran. Princeton University Press. p. 115. ISBN 9781400868803.