Isoflurane

Isoflurane
Clinical data
Trade namesForane, others
AHFS/Drugs.comFDA Professional Drug Information
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		Inhalation
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
  • (RS)-2-Chloro-2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoro-ethane
    OR
    (RS)-1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.043.528 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC3H2ClF5O
Molar mass184.49 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • FC(F)(F)C(Cl)OC(F)F
  • InChI=1S/C3H2ClF5O/c4-1(3(7,8)9)10-2(5)6/h1-2H checkY
  • Key:PIWKPBJCKXDKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Isoflurane, sold under the brand name Forane among others, is a general anesthetic.[4] It can be used to start or maintain anesthesia; however, other medications are often used to start anesthesia, due to airway irritation with isoflurane.[3][5] Isoflurane is given via inhalation.[4]

Side effects of isoflurane include a decreased ability to breathe (respiratory depression), low blood pressure, and an irregular heartbeat.[3] Serious side effects can include malignant hyperthermia or high blood potassium.[4] It should not be used in patients with a history of malignant hyperthermia in either themselves or their family members.[3] It is unknown if its use during pregnancy is safe for the fetus, but use during a cesarean section appears to be safe.[3][4] Isoflurane is a halogenated ether.[6]

Isoflurane was approved for medical use in the United States in 1979.[4][7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8][9]

  1. ^ "Isoflurane Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 2 September 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  2. ^ Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Isoflurane 100% Inhalation Vapour, Liquid - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 29 October 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Forane- isoflurane inhalant". DailyMed. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  5. ^ Kliegman R, Stanton B, St Geme J, Schor NF (2015). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics (20 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 420. ISBN 9780323263528. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20.
  6. ^ Aglio LS, Lekowski RW, Urman RD (2015). Essential Clinical Anesthesia Review: Keywords, Questions and Answers for the Boards. Cambridge University Press. p. 115. ISBN 9781107681309. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20.
  7. ^ "Forane: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  8. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  9. ^ World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.