Isomer

This article is about the chemical concept. For "isomerism" of atomic nuclei, see nuclear isomer. For part of the body of the proarticulates, see isomer (Proarticulata).

In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formula – that is, the same number of atoms of each element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space.[1] Isomerism refers to the existence or possibility of isomers.

Isomers do not necessarily share similar chemical or physical properties. Two main forms of isomerism are structural (or constitutional) isomerism, in which bonds between the atoms differ; and stereoisomerism or (spatial isomerism), in which the bonds are the same but the relative positions of the atoms differ.

Isomeric relationships form a hierarchy. Two chemicals might be the same constitutional isomer, but upon deeper analysis be stereoisomers of each other. Two molecules that are the same stereoisomer as each other might be in different conformational forms or be different isotopologues. The depth of analysis depends on the field of study or the chemical and physical properties of interest.

The English word "isomer" (/ˈaɪsəmər/) is a back-formation from "isomeric",[2] which was borrowed through German isomerisch[3] from Swedish isomerisk; which in turn was coined from Greek ἰσόμερoς isómeros, with roots isos = "equal", méros = "part".[4]

Types of isomers
  1. ^ Petrucci, Ralph H.; Harwood, William S.; Herring, F. Geoffrey (2002). General chemistry: principles and modern applications (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall. p. 91]. ISBN 978-0-13-014329-7. LCCN 2001032331. OCLC 46872308.
  2. ^ Merriam-Webster: "isomer" Archived 21 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine online dictionary entry. Accessed on 2020-08-26
  3. ^ Merriam-Webster: "isomeric" Archived 26 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine online dictionary entry. Accessed on 2020-08-26
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference berz1830 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).