Italian Cyrenaica | |||||||||
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| 1911–1934 | |||||||||
 Coat of arms
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| Capital | Bengasi | ||||||||
| Common languages | Italian Arabic | ||||||||
| Religion | Islam Roman Catholicism | ||||||||
| Government | Colonial administration | ||||||||
| Monarch | |||||||||
• 1912-1934 | Victor Emmanuel III | ||||||||
| Governor[note 1] | |||||||||
• 1912-1913 (first) | Ottavio Briccola | ||||||||
• 1930-1934 (last) | Rodolfo Graziani | ||||||||
| Historical era | Interwar period | ||||||||
| 5 November 1911 | |||||||||
| 18 October 1912 | |||||||||
• Cyrenaica colony | 17 May 1919 | ||||||||
• Administratively joined to Tripolitania | 18 December 1928 | ||||||||
• Part of Italian Libya | 1 January 1934 | ||||||||
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Italian Cyrenaica (Italian: Cirenaica Italiana; Arabic: برقة الايطالیة) was an Italian colony, located in present-day eastern Libya, that existed from 1911 to 1934. It was part of the territory conquered from the Ottoman Empire during the Italo-Turkish War of 1911,[1] alongside Italian Tripolitania.
The territory of the two colonies was sometimes referred to as "Italian Libya" or Italian North Africa (Africa Settentrionale Italiana, or ASI). Both names were also used after their unification, with Italian Libya becoming the official name of the newly combined colony.
In 1923, indigenous rebels associated with the Senussi Order organized the Libyan resistance movement against Italian settlement in Libya. The rebellion was put down by Italian forces in 1932, after the so-called "pacification campaign", which resulted in the deaths of a quarter of Cyrenaica's local population.[2]
In 1934, it became part of Italian Libya.
- ^ Italian Benghazi
- ^ Mann, Michael (2006). The dark side of democracy: explaining ethnic cleansing (2nd ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 309.