Italian Somalia | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1889–1936 | |||||||||||||||||
| Motto: Per l'onore d'Italia "For the honour of Italy" | |||||||||||||||||
| Anthem: Marcia Reale d'Ordinanza "Royal March of Ordinance" | |||||||||||||||||
 Italian Somaliland, with Oltre Giuba acquired in 1925 | |||||||||||||||||
| Status | Colony of Italy | ||||||||||||||||
| Capital | Mogadiscio[1][page needed] | ||||||||||||||||
| Common languages | Italian (official) Somali, Arabic | ||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Islam, Roman Catholicism | ||||||||||||||||
| Demonym(s) | Somali | ||||||||||||||||
| King | |||||||||||||||||
• 1889–1900 | Umberto I | ||||||||||||||||
• 1900–1936 | Victor Emmanuel III | ||||||||||||||||
| Governor | |||||||||||||||||
• 1889–1893 (first) | Vincenzo Filonardi | ||||||||||||||||
• 1936 (last) | Angelo De Ruben | ||||||||||||||||
| Historical era | New Imperialism | ||||||||||||||||
• Hobyo Protectorate | 9 February 1889 | ||||||||||||||||
• Majeerteen Protectorate | 7 April 1889 | ||||||||||||||||
• Hiraab Protectorate | 17 September 1894 | ||||||||||||||||
• Geledi Protectorate | 1902[2] | ||||||||||||||||
• Italian Somalia colony | 30 April 1908 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1 June 1936 | |||||||||||||||||
| 26 February 1941 | |||||||||||||||||
| 10 February 1947 | |||||||||||||||||
| 1 April 1950 | |||||||||||||||||
| 1 July 1960 | |||||||||||||||||
| Currency | Italian lira (1889–1909) Somali rupia (1909–1925) Somali lira (1925–1938) | ||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| Today part of | Somalia | ||||||||||||||||
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Italian Somaliland (Italian: Somalia Italiana; Arabic: الصومال الإيطالي, romanized: Al-Sumal Al-Italiy; Somali: Dhulka Soomaalida ee Talyaaniga) was a protectorate and later colony of the Kingdom of Italy in present-day Somalia, which was ruled in the 19th century by the Sultanate of Hobyo and Majeerteen in the north, and in the south by the political entities; Hiraab Imamate and the Geledi Sultanate.[3]
Italy gradually secured much of the territory in the 1880s through a series of protection treaties.[4] Starting in the 1890s, the Bimaal and Wa'dan revolts near Merca marked the beginning of Somali resistance to Italian expansion, coinciding with the rise of the anti-colonial Dervish movement in the north.[5] By the end of 1927, following a two year military campaign against Somali rebels, Rome finally asserted authority over the entirety of Italian Somaliland.[6]
In 1936, the region was integrated into Italian East Africa as the Somalia Governorate. This would last until Italy's loss of the region in 1941, during the East African campaign of World War II. Italian Somalia then came under British military administration until 1950, when it became a United Nations trusteeship, the Trust Territory of Somalia under Italian administration. On 1 July 1960, the Trust Territory of Somalia united with the former British Somaliland to form the Somali Republic.[7]
- ^ Caniglia, Giuseppe (1935). Genti di Somalia. Rome: Paolo Cremonese.
- ^ L'Italia in Africa: serie storica. La politica coloniale dell'Italia negli atti, decumenti e discussioni parlamentari; testo di Giacomo Perticone, e note redanionali di richiam agli atti parlamentari a cura di Guglielmo Guglielmi, pg 246–247
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:0was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Mariam Arif Gassem, Somalia: clan vs. nation (s.n.: 2002), p.4
- ^ Carpanelli & Scovazzi 2020, p. 88-89.
- ^ Carpanelli & Scovazzi 2020, p. 16.
- ^ Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Clarendon Press. 2008. p. 1783. ISBN 9781593394929.