Italian language

This article is about the Italian language. For the regional varieties of standard Italian, see Regional Italian.
"Italiano" redirects here. For other uses, see Italiano (disambiguation).

Italian
italiano, lingua italiana
Pronunciation[itaˈljaːno]
Native to
EthnicityItalians
SpeakersL1: 65 million (2022)[1]
L2: 3.1 million[1]
Total: 68 million[1]
Early forms
Dialects
Latin script (Italian alphabet)
Italian Braille
Italiano segnato "(Signed Italian)"[2]
italiano segnato esatto "(Signed Exact Italian)"[3]
Official status
Official language in
4 countries

3 regions

An order and various organisations
Recognised minority
language in
Regulated byAccademia della Crusca (de facto)
Language codes
ISO 639-1it
ISO 639-2ita
ISO 639-3ita
Glottologital1282
Linguasphere51-AAA-q
Geographical distribution of the Italian language in the world:
  Areas where it is the majority language
  Areas where it is a minority language or where it was the majority in the past
  Areas where Italian-speaking communities are present
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.
This article is part of the series on the
Italian language
History
Literature and other
Grammar
Alphabet
Phonology

Italian (italiano, pronounced [itaˈljaːno] ⓘ, or lingua italiana, pronounced [ˈliŋɡwa itaˈljaːna]) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire.[6] Italian is the least divergent language from Latin, together with Sardinian (meaning that Italian and Sardinian are the most conservative Romance languages).[7][8][9][10] Spoken by about 85 million people, including 67 million native speakers (2024),[11] Italian is an official language in Italy, San Marino, Switzerland (Ticino and the Grisons), Corsica, and Vatican City. It has official minority status in Croatia, Slovenian Istria, and the municipalities of Santa Tereza and Encantado in Brazil.[12][13]

Italian is also spoken by large immigrant and expatriate communities in the Americas and Australia.[1] Italian is included under the languages covered by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Romania, although Italian is neither a co-official nor a protected language in these countries.[5][14] Some speakers of Italian are native bilinguals of both Italian (either in its standard form or regional varieties) and a local language of Italy, most frequently the language spoken at home in their place of origin.[1]

Italian is a major language in Europe, being one of the official languages of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and one of the working languages of the Council of Europe. It is the third-most-widely spoken native language in the European Union (13% of the EU population) and it is spoken as a second language by 13.4 million EU citizens (3%).[15][16][17] Including Italian speakers in non-EU European countries (such as Switzerland, Albania and the United Kingdom) and on other continents, the total number of speakers is approximately 85 million.[18] Italian is the main working language of the Holy See, serving as the lingua franca (common language) in the Roman Catholic hierarchy as well as the official language of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Italian has a significant use in musical terminology and opera with numerous Italian words referring to music that have become international terms taken into various languages worldwide.[19] Almost all native Italian words end with vowels, and the language has a 7-vowel sound system ('e' and 'o' have mid-low and mid-high sounds). Italian has contrast between short and long consonants and gemination (doubling) of consonants.

  1. ^ a b c d e Italian at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  2. ^ "Centro documentazione per l'integrazione". Cdila.it. Archived from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
  3. ^ "Centro documentazione per l'integrazione". Cdila.it. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
  4. ^ "Pope Francis to receive Knights of Malta grand master Thursday – English". ANSA.it. 21 June 2016. Archived from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  5. ^ a b "Languages covered by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2019. (PDF)
  6. ^ Lepschy, A. L.; Lepschy, G. (2006). "Italian". Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics (Second Edition): 60–64. doi:10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/02251-3. ISBN 978-0-08-044854-1.
  7. ^ "Romance languages". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 6 January 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2017. ...if the Romance languages are compared with Latin, it is seen that by most measures Sardinian and Italian are least differentiated...
  8. ^ Fleure, H. J. The peoples of Europe. Рипол Классик. ISBN 9781176926981. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  9. ^ "Hermathena". 1942. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  10. ^ Winters, Margaret E. (8 May 2020). Historical Linguistics: A cognitive grammar introduction. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN 9789027261236. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  11. ^ "World Population Review". 2024. Archived from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  12. ^ "Lei n. 5.048/2023 - Do Município de Encantado / RS". Archived from the original on 11 August 2024. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  13. ^ "Lei n. 2.812/2021 - Do Município de Santa Teresa / ES". Archived from the original on 11 August 2024. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  14. ^ "MULTILINGVISM ŞI LIMBI MINORITARE ÎN ROMÂNIA" (PDF) (in Romanian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
  15. ^ "Europeans and their languages - Report - en". europa.eu. Eurobarometer. pp. 10 and 19. Archived from the original on 28 May 2024.
  16. ^ Keating, Dave. "Despite Brexit, English Remains The EU's Most Spoken Language By Far". Forbes. Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  17. ^ Europeans and their Languages Archived 6 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Data for EU27 Archived 29 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine, published in 2012.
  18. ^ "Italian — University of Leicester". .le.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
  19. ^ See List of Italian musical terms used in English


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