Italic type

This article is about printing. For the handwriting style, see Italic script.
"Italics" redirects here. For the similar word Italian, see Italian (disambiguation). For other uses, see Italic (disambiguation).
"Italicization" redirects here. Not to be confused with Italianization.

Aldus Manutius' italic, in a 1501 edition of Virgil. Italic is only used for the lower case and not for capitals.[1]

In typography, italic type is a cursive font based on a stylised form of calligraphic handwriting.[2][3][4] Along with blackletter and roman type, it served as one of the major typefaces in the history of Western typography.

Owing to the influence from calligraphy, italics normally slant slightly to the right, like so. Different glyph shapes from roman type are usually used – another influence from calligraphy – and upper-case letters may have swashes, flourishes inspired by ornate calligraphy.

Historically, italics were a distinct style of type used entirely separately from roman type, but they have come to be used in conjunction—most fonts now come with a roman type and an oblique version (generally called "italic" though often not true italics). In this usage, italics are a way to emphasise key points in a printed text, to identify many types of creative works, to cite foreign words or phrases, or, when quoting a speaker, a way to show which words they stressed. One manual of English usage described italics as "the print equivalent of underlining"; in other words, underscore in a manuscript directs a typesetter to use italic.[5]

In fonts which do not have true italics, oblique type may be used instead. The difference between true italics and oblique type is that true italics have some letterforms different from the roman type, but in oblique type letters are just slanted without changing the roman type form.

The name comes from the fact that calligraphy-inspired typefaces were first designed in Italy, to replace documents traditionally written in a handwriting style called chancery hand. Aldus Manutius and Ludovico Arrighi (both between the 15th and 16th centuries) were the main type designers involved in this process at the time.

  1. ^ "Aldus Manutius". Pioneers of Print. University of Manchester. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
  2. ^ Ewan Clayton (5 September 2013). The Golden Thread: The Story of Writing. Atlantic Books. pp. 104–6. ISBN 978-1-78239-034-3.
  3. ^ Gaultney, Victor. "Designing Italics: Approaches to the design of contemporary secondary text typefaces (PhD thesis)". Victor Gaultney. University of Reading. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  4. ^ Hoefler, Jonathan. "Italics Examined". Hoefler & Co. Retrieved 10 February 2017.
  5. ^ Truss, Lynne (2004), Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation, New York: Gotham Books, p. 146, ISBN 978-1-59240-087-4