Ja'alin tribe

Ja'alin
جعليون
Warrior from the tribe of the Ja'alin
EthnicitySudanese Arabs
LocationNile river basin between Khartoum and Abu Hamad
Population2,880,000[1]
Demonym(s)Ja'ali
LanguageSudanese Arabic[2]
ReligionSunni Islam

The Ja'alin, Ja'aliya, Ja'aliyin or Ja'al (Arabic: جعليون) are a tribal confederation and an Arab[a] or Arabised Nubian[b] tribe in Sudan. The Ja'alin constitute a large portion of the Sudanese Arabs and are one of the three prominent Sudanese Arab tribes in northern Sudan - the others being the Shaigiya and Danagla. They trace their origin to Ibrahim Ja'al, an Abbasid noble, whose clan originally hailed from the Hejaz in the Arabian Peninsula and married into the local Nubian population. Ja'al was a descendant of al-Abbas, an uncle of Muhammad. The Ja'alin formerly occupied the country on both banks of the Nile from Khartoum to Abu Hamad.[14] According to a source, the tribe allegedly once spoke a now extinct dialect of Nubian as late as the nineteenth century.[15] Many Sudanese politicians have come from the Ja'alin tribal coalition.[16]

  1. ^ "Sudan". Retrieved September 18, 2024.
  2. ^ "Gaalin in Sudan". Joshua Project. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  3. ^ Ibbotson, Sophie; Lovell-Hoare, Max (2012-11-26). Sudan. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-84162-413-6. Arab tribes arrived in Sudan in three main waves, beginning in the 12th century with the Ja'alin.
  4. ^ The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 1888. p. 16. The Ja'alin claim descent from Abbas, the uncle of Muhammad, of the Koreish tribe, and they are undoubtedly of Arab origin
  5. ^ Abdalla, Salma Mohamed Abdalmunim (2017). Charity Drops: Water Provision and the Politics of the Zakat Chamber in Khartoum, Sudan. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 101. ISBN 978-3-643-90928-2. the tribal story of the Gamuia [is] a tribe of Arab descent who claim to be one of the Jaalin confederations of Arabs.
  6. ^ Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine by Blackwell Scientific Publications. 1914. p. 130. The boy was an Arab belonging to the Jaalin tribe
  7. ^ Nachtigal, Gustav (1971). Sahara and Sudan: Kawar, Bornu, Kanem, Borku, Enned. University of California Press. p. 354. ISBN 978-0-520-01789-4. but we also find among them people of Arab origin, e.g. the Ja'alin or Jaliya, and the Tshrata.
  8. ^ Keown-Boyd, Henry (1986-11-24). A Good Dusting: The Sudan Campaigns 1883-1899. Pen and Sword. p. 275. ISBN 978-0-436-23288-6. Abdurahman Wad-el-Nejumi, Commander-in-Chief of the Dervish Force which recently invaded Egypt, was by birth an Arab of the JAALIN tribe, a powerful and warlike race of arabs
  9. ^ Gleichen, Lord Edward (1905). The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan: A Compendium Prepared by Officers of the Sudan Government. H. M. Stationery Office. p. 360. Jaalin Tribe, Arab
  10. ^ Newbold, Sir Douglas (1974). The Making of the Modern Sudan: The Life and Letters of Sir Douglas Newbold ... Greenwood Press. p. 481. ISBN 978-0-8371-7233-0. The main Arab tribes are Shaigia and Jaalin, light-coloured.
  11. ^ Adams 1977, pp. 557-558: "Although claiming a purely Arab pedigree, they [the Ja'alin] are in fact made up overwhelmingly of Arabized Nubians, with only a small admixture of genuinely Arab blood".
  12. ^ Holt 1970, p. 329: "(...) most of the settled clans of the main Nile are regarded as descendants of a certain Ja'al, who is, furthermore, stated to have been an 'Abbasid. Disregarding this assertion (a typical genealogical sophistication), we may reasonably see in these Ja'aliyyun the descendants of the arabized Nubians of the late Middle Ages".
  13. ^ Kramer, Lobban & Fluehr-Lobban 2013, p. 223: "Despite their claim of an Arab pedigree, the Ja'aliyin may also be considered a southern group of Arabized Nubians".
  14. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Jā'alin". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 103. Citation: The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, edited by Count Gleichen (London, 1905)
  15. ^ O'Fahey, R. S., Spaulding, Jay (1974): Kingdoms of the Sudan. Methuen Young Books. ISBN 0416774504. pp.28-29
  16. ^ Moorcraft, Paul (April 30, 2015). Omar Al-Bashir and Africa's Longest War. United Kingdom: Pen & Sword Books. ISBN 9781473854963.


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