Jacob of Serugh | |
|---|---|
 Syriac depiction of Jacob of Serugh, from ancient manuscript | |
| Deacon, Priest, Bishop | |
| Born | c. 451 AD Kurtam on the Euphrates (near Harran) |
| Died | 29 November 521 AD Batnan daSrugh, Byzantine Empire (modern-day Suruç, Urfa, Turkey) |
| Venerated in | Catholic Church Oriental Orthodox Church |
| Canonized | Pre-congregation |
| Major shrine | St. Mary Church, Diyarbakır |
| Feast | 29 November (Roman Catholic, Oriental Orthodox) 3 Koiak (Coptic calendar) |
| Attributes | Staff, pointed hood, flute |
Jacob of Serugh (Syriac: ܝܥܩܘܒ ܣܪܘܓܝܐ, romanized: Yaʿquḇ Sruḡāyâ, Classical Syriac pronunciation: [ˌjaˤˈquβ sᵊˌruɣˈɒˌjɒ]; Latin: Iacobus Sarugiensis; c. 452–521), also called Jacob of Sarug or Mar Jacob (Syriac: ܡܪ ܝܝܥܩܘܒ, romanized: Mār Yaʿquḇ),[1] was one of the foremost poets and theologians of the Syriac Christian tradition, second only to Ephrem the Syrian and equal to Narsai. He lived most of his life as an ecclesiastical official in Suruç, in modern-day Turkey. He became a bishop (of Batnan) near the end of his life in 519.[2] He was a Miaphysite (a form of Non-Chalcedonian Christianity), albeit moderate compared to his contemporaries.[3]
Jacob is best known for the homilies he wrote in the late fifth and early sixth centuries. He wrote in prose, as well as in 12-syllable (dodecasyllabic) meter, which he invented, and he was known for his eloquence.[4][5] According to Jacob of Edessa, he composed 763 works during his lifetime. Around 400 survive, and over 200 of those have been published. The longest is about 1,400 verses.[2] By the time of his death, he had a great reputation. His works were so popular that of any author from late antiquity, only the writings of Augustine of Hippo and John Chrysostom survive in a greater number of manuscripts than Jacob's.[6]
His work earned him many nicknames, including "Flute of the Holy Spirit" (which also belonged to his predecessor Ephrem the Syrian), and "Lyre of the Believing Church" (in Antiochene Syriac Christianity).[7] Both Chalcedonian and non-Chalcedonian traditions of Christianity now take him as a saint.
- ^ Brock, Sebastian (2011). "Yaʿqub of Serugh". Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition.
- ^ a b Chatonnet & Debié 2023, p. 150–151.
- ^ Forness 2022, p. 156.
- ^ Hilkens 2020, p. 65.
- ^ Dinno 2010.
- ^ Forness 2022, p. 156–157.
- ^ Brock, Sebastian (2011). "Yaʿqub of Serugh". Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition.