Jakarta | |
|---|---|
| Special Capital Region of Jakarta Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta | |
| Nicknames: | |
| Motto(s): | |
 Interactive map outlining Jakarta (parts of Thousand Islands not visible) | |
  Jakarta Location in Java  Jakarta Location in Indonesia  Jakarta Location in Southeast Asia  Jakarta Location in Asia | |
| Coordinates: 6°10′30″S 106°49′39″E / 6.17500°S 106.82750°E | |
| Country |  Indonesia |
| Region | Java |
| Administrative cities and regencies | |
| First settled | 400 BC (Buni culture) |
| First mentioned | 358 (Tugu inscription) |
| Founded | 22 June 1527[3] |
| Established as Batavia | 30 May 1619[4] |
| City status | 4 March 1621[3] |
| Province status | 28 August 1961[3] |
| Capital | Central Jakarta (de facto)[b] |
| Government | |
| • Type | Special administrative area |
| • Body | Special Capital Region of Jakarta Provincial Government |
| • Governor | Teguh Setyabudi (acting) |
| • Vice Governor | Vacant |
| • Legislature | Jakarta Regional People's Representative Council |
| Area | |
| 660.982 km2 (255.207 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 3,546 km2 (547.16 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 7,076.31 km2 (2,732.18 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 38th in Indonesia |
| Elevation | 8 m (26 ft) |
| Population (2023)[5] | |
| 11,350,328 | |
| • Rank | 6th in Indonesia |
| • Density | 17,000/km2 (44,000/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 35,386,000 |
| • Urban density | 10,000/km2 (65,000/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 32,594,159 |
| • Metro density | 4,600/km2 (12,000/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Jakartan |
| Demographics | |
| • Ethnic groups | List |
| • Religion (2022)[8] | List |
| GDP | |
| • Special Capital Region | Rp 3,442.98 trillion US$ 225.88 billion Int$ 724.01 billion (PPP) |
| • Per capita | Rp 322.62 million US$ 21,166 Int$ 67,842 (PPP) |
| • Metro | Rp 6,404.70 trillion US$ 420.192 billion Int$ 1.346 trillion (PPP) |
| Time zone | UTC+07:00 (Indonesia Western Time) |
| Postal codes | 10110–14540, 19110–19130 |
| Area code | +62 21 |
| ISO 3166 code | ID-JK |
| Vehicle registration | B |
| HDI (2024) |  0.842[11] (1st) – very high |
| Website | jakarta |
.jpg)
Jakarta[c] (/dʒəˈkɑːrtə/; Indonesian pronunciation: [dʒaˈkarta] , Betawi: Jakartè), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta[12] (Indonesian: Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta, abbreviated to DKI Jakarta) and formerly known as Batavia until 1949, is the de jure capital and largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta is the largest metropole in Southeast Asia and serves as the diplomatic capital of ASEAN. The Special Capital Region has a status equivalent to that of a province and is bordered by two other provinces: West Java to the south and east; and (since 2000, when it was separated from West Java) Banten to the west. Its coastline faces the Java Sea to the north, and it shares a maritime border with Lampung to the west. Jakarta's metropolitan area is ASEAN's second largest economy after Singapore. In 2023, the city's GDP PPP was estimated at US$724.010 billion.
Jakarta is the economic, cultural, and political centre of Indonesia. Although Jakarta extends over only 661.23 km2 (255.30 sq mi) and thus has the smallest area of any Indonesian province, its metropolitan area covers 7,076.31 km2 (2,732.18 sq mi), which includes the satellite cities of Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, South Tangerang, and Bekasi, and has an estimated population of 32.6 million as of 2022[update], making it the largest urban area in Indonesia and the second-largest in the world (after Tokyo). Jakarta ranks first among the Indonesian provinces in the human development index. Jakarta's business and employment opportunities, along with its ability to offer a potentially higher standard of living compared to other parts of the country, have attracted migrants from across the Indonesian archipelago, making it a melting pot of numerous cultures.
Jakarta is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Southeast Asia. Established in the fourth century as Sunda Kelapa, the city became an important trading port for the Sunda Kingdom. At one time, it was the de facto capital of the Dutch East Indies, when it was known as Batavia. Jakarta was officially a city within West Java until 1960 when its official status was changed to a province with special capital region distinction. As a province, its government consists of five administrative cities and one administrative regency. Jakarta is an alpha world city and the ASEAN secretariat's seat. Financial institutions such as the Bank of Indonesia, Indonesia Stock Exchange, and corporate headquarters of numerous Indonesian companies and multinational corporations are located in the city.
Jakarta's main challenges include rapid urban growth, ecological breakdown, air pollution, gridlocked traffic, congestion, and flooding due to subsidence (sea level rise is relative, not absolute). Part of North Jakarta is sinking up to 17 cm (6.7 inches) annually, meanwhile the southern part is relatively safe. This has made the northern part of the city more prone to flooding and one of the fastest-sinking capitals in the world. In response to these challenges, in August 2019, President Joko Widodo announced plans to move the capital from Jakarta to the planned city of Nusantara, in the province of East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo. The MPR approved the move on 18 January 2022. The Indonesian government is not abandoning Jakarta after announcing plans to move the country's capital, its planning minister said, pledging to spend US$40 billion, which is more than the cost to build Nusantara, to save the city in the next decade.[13]
- ^ "A Day in J-Town". Jetstar Magazine. April 2012. Archived from the original on 1 August 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
- ^ Bhwana, Petir Garda; Muthiariny, Dewi Elvia (12 December 2022). "Jakarta Introduces New Slogan 'Sukses Jakarta untuk Indonesia'". en.tempo.co. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
- ^ a b c "Provinsi – Kementerian Dalam Negeri – Republik Indonesia" [Province – Ministry of Home Affairs – Republic of Indonesia] (in Indonesian). Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original on 19 February 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ Ricklefs, M. C. (2001). A History of Modern Indonesia since c.1200 (3rd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. p. 35. ISBN 9780804744805.
- ^ "Disdukcapil DKI Tertibkan Data Penduduk Sesuai Domisili". Dinas Dukcapil DKI Jakarta. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
- ^ "Demographia World Urban Areas" (PDF) (19th annual ed.). August 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
- ^ "Basis Data Pusat Pengemangan Kawasan Perkotaan" [Urban area development centre database]. perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
- ^ "ArcGIS Web Application".
- ^ Badan Pusat Statistik (2024). "Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (Milyar Rupiah), 2022-2023" (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.
- ^ Badan Pusat Statistik (2024). "[Seri 2010] Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Per Kapita (Ribu Rupiah), 2022-2023" (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.
- ^ "Indeks Pembangunan Manusia 2024" (in Indonesian). Statistics Indonesia. 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
- ^ Emir (8 March 2024). "Ramai Status Jakarta Tak Lagi Ibu Kota, Pihak Istana Respons Begini". CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 April 2024.
- ^ Suroyo, Gayatri. "Indonesia pledges $40 billion to modernise Jakarta ahead of new capital - minister". Retrieved 17 May 2024.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).