James Browne may refer to:
- James Browne (athlete) (born 1966), Antiguan athlete
- James Browne (pirate) (died 1677), Scottish pirate active in the Caribbean
- James Browne (bishop of Kilmore) (died 1865), Irish Roman Catholic bishop
- James Browne (bishop of Ferns) (1842–1917), Irish Roman Catholic bishop
- James Browne (Indian Army officer) (1839–1896), Anglo-Indian engineer and administrator
- James Browne (1793–1854) (1793–1854), Member of Parliament for Mayo, 1818–1831
- James Browne (writer) (1793–1841), Scottish man of letters
- Jim Browne (1930–2003), American basketball player
- James Crichton-Browne (1840–1938), British psychiatrist
- James Howard Browne (1919–2004), Australian amateur botanist and plant photographer
- James Browne (theologian) (1616–1685), English theologian
- James Browne (died 1790) (1737–1790), Member of the Parliament of Ireland for Jamestown 1768–76, for Tuam 1776–83, and for Castlebar 1783–90
- James Browne, 2nd Baron Kilmaine (1765–1825), Irish peer, Member of the Parliament of Ireland for Carlow Borough 1790
- James J. Browne, president of NUI Galway
- James Browne (Fianna Fáil politician) (born 1975), Irish Fianna Fáil politician, TD for Wexford 2016—
- James Browne (priest) (fl. 1867–1894), Archdeacon of Madras
- James C. Browne (1935–2018), American computer scientist
- James Frankfort Manners Browne (1823–1910), Anglo-Irish officer in the British Army