James Chatham Duane | |
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| Born | June 10, 1824 Schenectady, New York |
| Died | December 8, 1897 (aged 73) New York City, New York |
| Place of burial | |
| Allegiance | United States of America Union |
| Service | United States Army Union Army |
| Years of service | 1848–1888 |
| Rank | Brigadier General |
| Commands | US Army Corps of Engineers |
| Battles / wars | Utah War American Civil War |
| Spouse(s) | Harriet Whitehorne Brewerton |
| Relations | James Duane (great-grandfather) |
| Signature | .png){kind=small} |
James Chatham Duane (June 10, 1824 – December 8, 1897) was a career officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War, being the Chief Engineer of the Army of the Potomac.