James G. Birney | |
|---|---|
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| 13th[1] Mayor of Huntsville, Alabama | |
| In office 1829–1830 | |
| Preceded by | John H. Lewis |
| Succeeded by | John Martin |
| Personal details | |
| Born | James Gillespie Birney February 4, 1792 Danville, Virginia (now Kentucky), U.S. |
| Died | November 18, 1857 (aged 65) Perth Amboy, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic-Republican (before 1825) Liberty (1840–1848) |
| Spouse(s) | Agatha McDowell Elizabeth Potts Fitzhugh |
| Children | Five including |
| Parent(s) | James G. Birney Martha Reed |
| Education | Transylvania University Princeton University (BA) |
| Signature | .png){kind=small} |
James Gillespie Birney (February 4, 1792 – November 18, 1857)[2] was an American abolitionist, politician, and attorney born in Danville, Kentucky. He changed from being a planter and slave owner to abolitionism, publishing the abolitionist weekly The Philanthropist. He twice served as the presidential nominee for the anti-slavery Liberty Party.
Birney pursued a legal career in Danville after graduating from the College of New Jersey (later Princeton) and studying under Alexander J. Dallas. He volunteered for the campaigns of Henry Clay, served on the town council, and became a Freemason. In 1816, he won election to the Kentucky House of Representatives as a member of the Democratic-Republican Party. In 1818, he established a cotton plantation in Madison County, Alabama, and he won election to the Alabama House of Representatives the following year. Birney eventually sold the plantation and established a legal practice in Huntsville, Alabama, becoming one of the most successful lawyers in the region.
During the 1820s, Birney became increasingly troubled by the issue of slavery. He became a member of the American Colonization Society, which advocated for the migration of African Americans to the continent of Africa. After serving in various roles for the organization, Birney began calling for the immediate abolition of slavery. In 1835, he moved to Cincinnati, founding The Philanthropist the following year. He also became a member of the American Anti-Slavery Society, but resigned from that group due to his opposition to connecting the anti-slavery struggle to the movement for equal rights for women, although Birney endorsed the cause of women's suffrage. Birney accepted the Liberty Party's nomination in 1840 and received 0.3% of the popular vote. He accepted the Liberty Party nomination again in 1844 and received 2.3% of the popular vote, finishing behind James K. Polk and Clay. Birney moved to Michigan in 1841 and helped establish the town of Bay City, Michigan.
- ^ Before 1916, the office was known as "President."
- ^ Fladeland, Betty (1999). "Birney, James Gillespie". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1500061. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Archived from the original on November 8, 2019. Retrieved February 17, 2020.