James Edward Oglethorpe | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Governor of Georgia | |
| In office 1732–1743 | |
| Prime Minister | Sir Robert Walpole |
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | William Stephens |
| Member of Parliament for Haslemere | |
| In office 1722–1754 | |
| Preceded by | Nicholas Carew |
| Succeeded by | James More Molyneux |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 22 December 1696 Godalming, Surrey, England |
| Died | 30 June 1785 (aged 88) Cranham, Essex, England |
| Political party | Tory |
| Spouse | Elizabeth (née Wright) |
| Alma mater | Eton College, Corpus Christi College, Oxford, a military academy, Paris, France |
| Profession | Military officer, politician, colonial administrator |
| Signature |  |
Lieutenant-General James Edward Oglethorpe (22 December 1696[1] – 30 June 1785) was a British Army officer, Tory politician and colonial administrator best known for founding the Province of Georgia in British North America. As a social reformer, he hoped to resettle Britain's "worthy poor" in the New World, initially focusing on those in debtors' prisons.
Born to a prominent British family, Oglethorpe left college in England and a British Army commission to travel to France, where he attended a military academy before fighting under Prince Eugene of Savoy in the Austro-Turkish War. He returned to England in 1718 and was elected to the British House of Commons in 1722. His early years were relatively undistinguished until 1729, when he was made chair of the Gaols Committee that investigated British debtors' prisons. After the report was published, to widespread attention, Oglethorpe and others began publicising the idea of a new British colony to serve as a buffer between the Carolinas and Spanish Florida. After being granted a charter, he sailed to Georgia in 1732.
Oglethorpe was a major figure in Georgia's early history, holding much civil and military power and instituting a ban on slavery and alcohol. During the War of Jenkins' Ear, he led British troops in Georgia against Spanish forces based in Florida. In 1740, he led a lengthy siege of St. Augustine, which was unsuccessful. He then defeated a Spanish invasion of Georgia in 1742. Oglethorpe left Georgia after another unsuccessful invasion of St. Augustine and never returned. He led government troops in the Jacobite rising of 1745 and was blamed for his role in the Clifton Moor Skirmish. Despite being cleared in a court martial, Oglethorpe never held a military command again. He lost reelection to the House of Commons in 1754 and left England, possible serving undercover in the Prussian Army during the Seven Years' War. In his later years, Oglethorpe was prominent in literary circles, becoming close to James Boswell and Samuel Johnson.
- ^ Dates follow the Julian calendar up to 2 September 1752 and the Gregorian calendar thereafter. Britain and her American colonies changed on that date and the following day was 14 September. The intervening eleven days were omitted.