The Duke of Monmouth | |
|---|---|
_(after)_-_James_Scott_(1649%E2%80%931685),_Duke_of_Monmouth,_KG,_in_Garter_Robes_-_1171154_-_National_Trust.jpg) Portrait by Peter Lely, c. 1680 | |
| Born | 9 April 1649 Rotterdam, Dutch Republic |
| Died | 15 July 1685 (aged 36) Great Tower Hill, Tower of London, Liberties of the Tower, England |
| Nationality | English |
| Spouse(s) | |
| Issue | 9, including: |
| Parents | |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance | Kingdom of England |
| Service | English Army |
| Years of service | 1665–1685 |
| Rank | General |
| Battles / wars | |
James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, 1st Duke of Buccleuch, KG, PC (9 April 1649 – 15 July 1685) was an English nobleman and military officer. Originally called James Crofts or James Fitzroy, he was born in Rotterdam in the Netherlands, the eldest illegitimate son of Charles II of England with his mistress Lucy Walter.
The Duke of Monmouth served in the Second Anglo-Dutch War and commanded English troops taking part in the Third Anglo-Dutch War before commanding the Anglo-Dutch brigade fighting in the Franco-Dutch War. He led the unsuccessful Monmouth Rebellion in 1685, an attempt to depose his uncle King James II and VII. After one of his officers declared Monmouth the legitimate king in the town of Taunton in Somerset, Monmouth attempted to capitalise on his Protestantism and his position as the son of Charles II, in opposition to James, who had become a Roman Catholic. The rebellion failed, and Monmouth was beheaded for treason on 15 July 1685.