Jan Brueghel the Elder

Jan Brueghel the Elder
Family of Jan Brueghel the Elder by Rubens, 1613-15. Brueghel can be seen on the left.
Born1568
Brussels, Habsburg Netherlands
DiedJanuary 13, 1625(1625-01-13) (aged 56–57)
Antwerp, Habsburg Netherlands
Occupation(s)Painter, draughtsman
Children11, including Jan the Younger and Ambrosius
FatherPieter Bruegel the Elder
FamilyBrueghel family

Jan Brueghel (also Bruegel or Breughel) the Elder (/ˈbrɔɪɡəl/ BROY-gəl,[1][2] US also /ˈbruːɡəl/ BROO-gəl,[3][4] Dutch: [ˈjɑm ˈbrøːɣəl] ⓘ; 1568 – 13 January 1625) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman. He was the son of the eminent Flemish Renaissance painter Pieter Bruegel the Elder. A close friend and frequent collaborator with Peter Paul Rubens, the two artists were the leading Flemish painters in the Flemish Baroque painting of the first three decades of the 17th century.

Brueghel worked in many genres including history paintings, flower still lifes, allegorical and mythological scenes, landscapes and seascapes, hunting pieces, village scenes, battle scenes and scenes of hellfire and the underworld. He was an important innovator who invented new types of paintings such as flower garland paintings, paradise landscapes, and gallery paintings in the first quarter of the 17th century.[5] However, he generally avoided painting large figures, as in portraits, though he often collaborated with other painters who did these, while he did the landscape backgrounds, and sometimes the clothes.

He further created genre paintings that were imitations, pastiches and reworkings of his father's works, in particular his father's genre scenes and landscapes with peasants.[6] Brueghel represented the type of the pictor doctus, the erudite painter whose works are informed by the religious motifs and aspirations of the Catholic Counter-Reformation as well as the scientific revolution with its interest in accurate description and classification.[5] He was court painter of the Archduke and Duchess Albrecht and Isabella, sovereigns of the Spanish Netherlands.

The artist was nicknamed "Velvet" Brueghel, "Flower" Brueghel, and "Paradise" Brueghel. The first is believed to have been given him because of his mastery in the rendering of fabrics.[7] The second nickname is a reference to his fame as a painter of (although not a specialist in) flower pieces and the last one to his invention of the genre of the paradise landscape. His brother Pieter Brueghel the Younger was traditionally nicknamed "de helse Brueghel" or "Hell Brueghel" because it was believed he was the author of a number of paintings with fantastic depictions of fire and grotesque imagery. These paintings have now been reattributed to Jan Brueghel the Elder.[8][9]

  1. ^ "Brueghel". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Archived from the original on 10 August 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  2. ^ "Bruegel". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 22 March 2020.
  3. ^ "Brueghel". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  4. ^ "Brueghel". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  5. ^ a b Kolb, 2005, p. 1
  6. ^ Larry Silver, 2012, p. 3
  7. ^ Matthias Depoorter, Jan Brueghel Archived 20 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine at Baroque in the Southern Netherlands
  8. ^ Alexander Wied and Hans J. Van Miegroet. Jan Breughel I. Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 24 April 2016.
  9. ^ Larry Silver, Peasant Scenes and Landscapes: The Rise of Pictorial Genres in the Antwerp Art Market, University of Pennsylvania Press, 4 Jan 2012, pp. 154–158