January 6 United States Capitol attack

"2021 United States Capitol attack" redirects here. For the unrelated car attack, see 2021 United States Capitol car attack.

January 6 United States Capitol attack
Part of attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election and domestic terrorism in the United States
Crowd outside the Capitol during the attack (top); bear spray deployed against a line of policemen (bottom left); attackers breach a police line (bottom right)
DateJanuary 6, 2021; 3 years ago (2021-01-06)
c. 12:53 p.m. – 5:40 p.m.[1] (UTC-5)
Location
United States Capitol, Washington, D.C., United States

38°53′23″N 77°00′33″W / 38.88972°N 77.00917°W / 38.88972; -77.00917
Caused by
Goals
Methods
Resulted inAttack unsuccessful
Parties

Pro-Trump, far-right militias and movements

(Full list)[26]
Lead figures
Casualties and criminal charges
Death(s)On January 6
  • 1 rioter killed by gunshot
  • 1 rioter died from drug overdose
  • 2 rallygoers died from natural causes[31]
Afterwards
  • 1 police officer died from natural causes
  • 4 police officers died from suicides[b]
Injuries
  • Unknown number of rioters
  • At least 174 police officers,[16] including at least 15 hospitalized[36]
Charged1,500 or more, including Trump[37][38][23][24] (see also: Criminal charges relating to the attack)
January 6 United
States Capitol attack
Timeline • Planning
Background
2020 presidential election
and other causes
Related groups and persons
Participants
Notable people
Organizations
Law enforcement response
Aftermath
Biden inauguration
Investigations and charges
Corporate actions
Reactions
Impeachment and 2024 presidential election

On January 6, 2021, the United States Capitol Building in Washington, D.C., was attacked by a mob[39][40][41] of supporters of, at the time, the 45th U.S. President Donald Trump in an attempted self-coup d'état,[42] two months after his defeat in the 2020 presidential election. They sought to keep him in power by preventing a joint session of Congress from counting the Electoral College votes to formalize the victory of President-elect Joe Biden. The attack was ultimately unsuccessful in preventing the certification of the election results. According to the bipartisan House select committee that investigated the incident, the attack was the culmination of a seven-part plan by Trump to overturn the election.[43][44] Within 36 hours, five people died: one was shot by Capitol Police, another died of a drug overdose, and three died of natural causes, including a police officer who died of natural causes a day after being assaulted by rioters.[c][34][45] Many people were injured, including 174 police officers. Four officers who responded to the attack died by suicide within seven months.[35] Damage caused by attackers exceeded $2.7 million.[46]

Encouraged by Trump,[47][48] on January 5 and 6, thousands of his supporters gathered in Washington, D.C., to support his false claims that the 2020 election had been "stolen by emboldened radical-left Democrats",[49][50][51][52] and to demand that then-Vice President Mike Pence and Congress reject Biden's victory.[53] Starting at noon on January 6 at a "Save America" rally on the Ellipse,[54] Trump gave a speech in which he repeated false claims of election irregularities[55] and said, "If you don't fight like hell, you're not going to have a country anymore."[56][57] As Congress began the electoral vote count, thousands of attendees, some armed, walked to the Capitol, and hundreds breached police perimeters.[58][59] Among the rioters were leaders of the Proud Boys and the Oath Keepers militia groups.[60]

The FBI estimates that between 2,000 and 2,500 people entered the Capitol Building during the attack,[61][62][63] some of whom participated in vandalism and looting,[64][65] including in the offices of then-House speaker Nancy Pelosi and other Congress members.[66] Rioters also assaulted Capitol Police officers and reporters, and attempted to capture and harm lawmakers.[67] A gallows was erected west of the Capitol, with rioters chanting to "Hang Mike Pence" after he rejected calls to overturn the election results.[68] With building security breached, Capitol Police evacuated and locked down both chambers of Congress and several buildings in the Complex.[69] Rioters occupied the empty Senate chamber while federal law enforcement officers defended the evacuated House floor.[70][71] Pipe bombs were found at both the Democratic National Committee and Republican National Committee headquarters, and Molotov cocktails were discovered in a vehicle near the Capitol.[72][73] Trump resisted sending the National Guard to quell the mob.[74] Later that afternoon in a Twitter video,[75] he restated false claims about the election and told his supporters to "go home in peace".[76][77] The Capitol was cleared of rioters by mid-evening,[78] and the electoral vote count was resumed and completed by the early morning of January 7. Pence declared President-elect Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala Harris victorious. Pressured by his cabinet, the threat of removal, and many resignations, Trump later conceded to an orderly transition of power in a televised statement.[79][80]

A week after the attack, the House of Representatives impeached Trump for incitement of insurrection, making him the only U.S. president to be impeached twice.[81] In February, after Trump had left office, the Senate voted 57–43 in favor of conviction, but fell short of the required two-thirds, resulting in his acquittal.[82] Senate Republicans blocked a bill to create a bipartisan independent commission to investigate the attack,[83][67] so the House instead approved a select investigation committee.[d][84][85] They held nine televised public hearings on the attack,[86] voted to subpoena Trump,[87] and recommended that the Department of Justice (DOJ) prosecute him. On August 1, 2023, following a special counsel investigation, Trump was indicted on four charges.[88][89] As of May 6, 2024, of the 1,424 people charged with federal crimes relating to the event,[90] 820 have pleaded guilty (255 to felonies and 565 to misdemeanors),[90] and 884 defendants have been sentenced, 541 of whom received a jail sentence.[90] Some participants in the attack were linked to far-right extremist groups or conspiratorial movements, including the Oath Keepers, Proud Boys, and Three Percenters,[91][92] some of whom were convicted of seditious conspiracy.[93] Enrique Tarrio, then the chairman of the Proud Boys, received the longest sentence, a 22-year prison term.[94] Trump and elected Republican officials have since promoted a revisionist history of the event by downplaying the severity of the violence, spreading conspiracy theories, and portraying those charged with crimes as hostages and martyrs.[e]

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  4. ^ Luke, Timothy W (February 21, 2021). "Democracy under threat after 2020 national elections in the USA: 'stop the steal' or 'give more to the grifter-in-chief?'". Educational Philosophy and Theory. 55 (5): 551–557. doi:10.1080/00131857.2021.1889327. ISSN 0013-1857. President Trump inciting thousands of his supporters to march on the Capitol 'to stop the steal'. The resulting assault on the Capitol left one dead, scores injured, and the sad spectacle of Trump's supporters defiling the House chambers, vandalizing the Capitol building itself, and leaving the nation to deal with a tragic result
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