 Yamato undertaking sea trials in the Bungo Channel, 20 October 1941
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Empire of Japan | |
| Name | Yamato |
| Namesake | Yamato Province, and an archaic name for Japan |
| Ordered | March 1937 |
| Builder | Kure Naval Arsenal |
| Laid down | 4 November 1937 |
| Launched | 8 August 1940 |
| Commissioned | 16 December 1941 |
| Stricken | 31 August 1945[1] |
| Fate | Sunk by American planes during Operation Ten-Go, 7 April 1945 |
| General characteristics (as built) | |
| Class and type | Yamato-class battleship |
| Displacement | |
| Length | 263 m (862 ft 10 in) (o/a) |
| Beam | 38.9 m (127 ft 7 in) |
| Draft | 11 m (36 ft 1 in) |
| Installed power | |
| Propulsion | 4 shafts; 4 steam turbines |
| Speed | 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph) |
| Range | 7,200 nmi (13,300 km; 8,300 mi) at 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph) |
| Complement | 3,233 |
| Armament |
|
| Armor |
|
| Aircraft carried | 7 Nakajima E8N or Nakajima E4N |
| Aviation facilities | 2 catapults |
Yamato (Japanese: 大和, named after the ancient Yamato Province) was the lead ship of her class of battleships built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) shortly before World War II. She and her sister ship, Musashi, were the heaviest and most powerfully armed battleships ever constructed, displacing nearly 72,000 tonnes (71,000 long tons) at full load and armed with nine 46 cm (18.1 in) Type 94 main guns, which were the largest guns ever mounted on a warship.
Yamato was designed to counter the numerically superior battleship fleet of the United States, Japan's main rival in the Pacific. She was laid down in 1937 and formally commissioned a week after the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941. Throughout 1942, she served as the flagship of the Combined Fleet, and in June 1942 Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto directed the fleet from her bridge during the Battle of Midway, a disastrous defeat for Japan. Musashi took over as the Combined Fleet flagship in early 1943, and Yamato spent the rest of the year moving between the major Japanese naval bases of Truk and Kure in response to American threats. In December 1943, Yamato was torpedoed by an American submarine which necessitated repairs at Kure, where she was refitted with additional anti-aircraft guns and radar in early 1944. Although present at the Battle of the Philippine Sea in June 1944, she played no part in the battle.
The only time Yamato fired her main guns at enemy surface targets was in October 1944, when she was sent to engage American forces invading the Philippines during the Battle of Leyte Gulf. While threatening to sink American troop transports, they encountered a light escort carrier group of the U.S. Navy's Task Force 77, "Taffy 3", in the Battle off Samar, sinking or helping to sink the escort carrier USS Gambier Bay and the destroyers USS Johnston and Hoel. The Japanese turned back after American air attacks convinced them they were engaging a powerful U.S. carrier fleet.
During 1944, the balance of naval power in the Pacific decisively turned against Japan, and by early 1945 its fleet was much depleted and badly hobbled by critical fuel shortages in the home islands. In a desperate attempt to slow the Allied advance, Yamato was dispatched on a one-way mission to Okinawa in April 1945, with orders to beach herself and fight until destroyed, thus protecting the island. The task force was spotted south of Kyushu by U.S. submarines and aircraft, and on 7 April 1945 she was sunk by American carrier-based bombers and torpedo bombers with the loss of most of her crew.
- ^ Muir, Malcolm (October 1990). "Rearming in a Vacuum: United States Navy Intelligence and the Japanese Capital Ship Threat, 1936–1945". The Journal of Military History. 54 (4): 485. doi:10.2307/1986067. JSTOR 1986067.