Jazz, Ltd. | |
|---|---|
 Sidney Bechet, during his first residency at Jazz, Ltd. (November 1947) Left to right: Bill Reinhardt, Danny Alvin, Bechet, Mel Grant, Munn Ware[1] | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Chicago, Illinois |
| Genres | Dixieland jazz |
| Years active | 1947–1978 |
| Labels | Jazz, Ltd., Atlantic, Regal, Old Swing-Master, Delmark |
Jazz, Ltd. was a Dixieland jazz band, nightclub and a record label in Chicago.
The band was active from June 1947 to April 1978 and was led and managed by Bill Reinhardt. The nightclub was active from June 1947 to February 1972 and was managed by his wife, Ruth Reinhardt. Bill and Ruth co-owned the nightclub. For 31 years Jazz, Ltd. renewed public interest in Dixieland jazz music—when swing music, then Bebop, then rock and roll were the dominant styles.[2][3][4]
It was the first jazz club owned by a musician in Chicago.[5][6] It provided a steady job to many jazz musicians at a time when they needed one.[7][8] Bill and Ruth Reinhardt estimated that over 700 musicians played at Jazz, Ltd.[5][9][10] Some were pioneers of Dixieland jazz.[note 1] By hiring the best jazz musicians in the country, forbidding singing and dancing (which incurred a 20% war excise tax that put many jazz bands out of business), refusing business with the mob and playing only Dixieland jazz music, Jazz, Ltd. became one of the longest-running jazz clubs in the country.[14][15][16]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
campbellwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Stearns 1970, pp. 218–235.
- ^ Stearns 1970, pp. 197–217.
- ^ Campbell & Brody 1999, pp. 65-66.
- ^ a b Rotzoll 2001
- ^ Williams 2001
- ^ Koester 2001
- ^ Muranyi 1961
- ^ Chilton 1987, p. 206 ¶3.
- ^ Jones 1994
- ^ Bechet 2002, p. 83¶3.
- ^ anon_5 1998
- ^ Schmidt-Jones 2006, ¶1,5,6,9.
- ^ Reinhardt 1948, p. 17.
- ^ Reinhardt 1955.
- ^ Leonard 1949.
Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).