James Mathieson Fleming MBE (born July 1951) is a retired Scottish Rugby Union Referee who refereed 42 major international matches and was a touch judge in a further 75. He also refereed 7 women's internationals including the 1994 World Cup Final. The international matches that he controlled were between 1985 and 2001 and included matches in four Rugby World Cups. He is Scotland’s most capped referee and was an International referee for 18 years.