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| Jimmy Winkfield | |
|---|---|
 Winkfield aboard Alan-a-Dale in 1902 | |
| Occupation | Jockey |
| Born | April 12, c. 1880–1882[1] Chilesburg, Kentucky |
| Died | March 23, 1974 (aged 91) |
| Spouse | Lydia de Minkiwitz |
| Career wins | 2,600+ |
| Major racing wins | |
| Clark Handicap (1901) Tennessee Derby (1901) Latonia Derby (1901) Moscow Derby (2) Russian Derby (3) Russian Oaks (5) Warsaw Derby (2) Grosser Preis von Baden (1909) Prix Eugène Adam Prix du Président de la République (1922) Grand Prix de Deauville (1922) Critérium de Maisons-Laffitte (1927)
American Classics wins: | |
| Racing awards | |
| Russian Champion Jockey (3 times) | |
| Honours | |
| National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame (2004) Jimmy Winkfield Stakes at Aqueduct Racetrack U.S. House of Representatives Resolution 231 honoring the life of Jimmy Winkfield | |
| Significant horses | |
| His Eminence, Alan-a-Dale, McChesney | |
James Winkfield (April 12, c. 1880–1882[1] – March 23, 1974) was a Thoroughbred jockey and horse trainer from Kentucky, best remembered as the last African American to ride a winner in the Kentucky Derby (1902).[2]
Winfield was born in Chilesburg, Kentucky (now part of Lexington, Kentucky) and began his career as a jockey in 1898 at age sixteen. He was suspended for one year after one race for his involvement in a four-horse accident at the starting gate.[3] However, he returned in 1900 to ride Thrive in the Kentucky Derby, finishing third. He rode in the race again in 1901 and 1902, winning on His Eminence and Alan-a-Dale respectively.[3] In 1901, he won 220 races. He competed in his final Derby in 1903, finishing second on Early.
Winkfield was blackballed in the US after dishonoring a contract to ride for an owner by agreeing to ride for a different owner, but he was offered a chance to race in Russia, where he quickly rose to fame.[4] He won the Russian Oaks five times, the Russian Derby four times, the Czar's Prize on three occasions, and the Warsaw Derby twice. The Russian Revolution caused him to leave the country in 1917, and he moved to France where he resumed racing, scoring numerous wins including the Prix du Président de la République, Grand Prix de Deauville, and Prix Eugène Adam. He retired as a jockey at age fifty having won more than 2,500 races, then began a second successful career as a horse trainer.
Winkfield lived on a farm near the Hippodrome de Maisons-Laffitte (racetrack) in Maisons-Laffitte on the outskirts of Paris. He remained there until fleeing the German occupation of France during World War II. After the war, he eventually returned to the farm at Maisons-Laffitte where he lived until his death in 1974.
While he was treated with respect in Europe, segregation still ruled American society. When Sports Illustrated invited Winkfield to a reception at the Brown Hotel in Louisville in 1961, he was told he could not enter by the front door. He was admitted after the magazine explained that he was an invited guest.[5][6] Winkfield made an appearance at the Kentucky Derby that year to celebrate 60 years since his historic victories. In 2004, he was inducted posthumously into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame. The Jimmy Winkfield Stakes at Aqueduct Racetrack is run in his honor.
In 2005, the United States House of Representatives passed a resolution honoring Winkfield. The full details can be read at the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame.[7]
- ^ a b "Through his thirties, Winkfield indicated he was born about 1880, but as we’ll see, in his forties he began to take two years off his age, apparently to improve his chances of getting hired to ride. He would make his birth date April 12, 1882, but there are no other records confirming this." Hotaling, Ed (2005). Wink. McGraw-Hill Education. p. 300. ISBN 0071418628.
- ^ Gerald L. Smith (2015). The Kentucky African American Encyclopedia. University Press of Kentucky. p. 536. ISBN 9780813160658.
- ^ a b "James Winkfield, AMERICAN JOCKEY". Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ Watson, Elwood (November 21, 2007). "JIMMY WINKFIELD (1882-1974)".
- ^ McKenzie, Sheena (February 22, 2013). "The forgotten godfathers of black American sport". CNN.
- ^ Winkler, Lisa (April 23, 2009). "The Kentucky Derby's Forgotten Jockeys". Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ Jimmy Winkfield at the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame