John Baxter | |
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| Judge of the United States Circuit Courts for the Sixth Circuit | |
| In office December 13, 1877 – April 2, 1886 | |
| Appointed by | Rutherford B. Hayes |
| Preceded by | Halmor Hull Emmons |
| Succeeded by | Howell Edmunds Jackson |
| Speaker of the North Carolina House of Representatives | |
| In office 1852–1854 | |
| Preceded by | James C. Dobbin |
| Succeeded by | Samuel P. Hill |
| Personal details | |
| Born | John Baxter March 5, 1819 Rutherford County, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Died | April 2, 1886 (aged 67) Hot Springs, Arkansas, U.S. |
| Resting place | Old Gray Cemetery Knoxville, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Political party | Whig (Before 1854) Constitutional Union (1860–1864) Democratic (1864–1872) Liberal Republican (1872–1876) Republican (1876–1886) |
| Education | read law |
John Baxter (March 5, 1819 – April 2, 1886) was an American attorney and jurist who served as a United States circuit judge of the United States Circuit Courts for the Sixth Circuit from 1877 to 1886. Initially a Whig, he had previously served several terms in the North Carolina House of Commons, including one term as Speaker, before moving to Knoxville, Tennessee to practice law.
Baxter opposed secession on the eve of the American Civil War, and was a delegate to the East Tennessee Convention, which sought to create a separate, Union-aligned state in East Tennessee. He subsequently took the Oath of Allegiance to the Confederacy, in part to provide legal defense for Unionists charged in Confederate courts. Those he defended during the course of the war included several members of the East Tennessee bridge-burning conspiracy and several participants of the Great Locomotive Chase. He ran unsuccessfully for the Confederate Congress in September 1861. By mid-1862, he had returned to his pro-Union stance.
Baxter supported Democratic presidential candidate George B. McClellan in 1864, but would eventually join the Republican Party. In 1870, he was a delegate to the state constitutional convention that created the current Tennessee State Constitution.