Sir Joseph Banks | |
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Born | 30 Argyll Street, London, England | 24 February 1743 (13 February O.S.)
Died | 19 June 1820 Spring Grove House, Isleworth, London, England | (aged 77)
Alma mater | Christ Church, Oxford |
Known for | Voyage of HMS Endeavour, exploration of Botany Bay |
Spouse | Dorothea Banks |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Botany |
Institutions | Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |
Author abbrev. (botany) | Banks |
21st President of the Royal Society | |
In office 1778–1820 | |
Preceded by | Sir John Pringle |
Succeeded by | William Hyde Wollaston |
Signature | |
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Sir Joseph Banks, 1st Baronet, GCB, FRS (24 February [O.S. 13 February] 1743 – 19 June 1820[1]) was an English naturalist, botanist, and patron of the natural sciences.[2]
Banks made his name on the 1766 natural-history expedition to Newfoundland and Labrador. He took part in Captain James Cook's first great voyage (1768–1771), visiting Brazil, Tahiti, and after 6 months in New Zealand, Australia, returning to immediate fame. He held the position of president of the Royal Society for over 41 years. He advised King George III on the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and by sending botanists around the world to collect plants, he made Kew the world's leading botanical garden. He is credited for bringing 30,000 plant specimens home with him; amongst them, he was the first European to document 1,400.[3]
Banks advocated British settlement in New South Wales and the colonisation of Australia, as well as the establishment of Botany Bay as a place for the reception of convicts, and advised the British government on all Australian matters. He is credited with introducing the eucalyptus, acacia, and the genus named after him, Banksia, to the Western world. Around 80 species of plants bear his name. He was the leading founder of the African Association and a member of the Society of Dilettanti, which helped to establish the Royal Academy.