Jumala

Word Jumala as the name of God in Finnish Lutheran church in Russia (Jumala on Rakkaus — lit: "God is love")

Jumala (Finnish: [ˈjumɑlɑ]), Jumal (Estonian: [ˈjumɑl]) or Jumo (Mari)[1] means "god" in the Finnic languages and those of the Volga Finns (Mari, Erzya and Moksha languages), both the Christian God and any other deity of any religion. The word is thought to have been the name of a sky god of the ancient Finnic-speaking peoples. Jumala as a god of the sky is associated with the related Estonian Jumal, Mari Jumo and is thought to stem from an ancient tradition of the Finno-Ugric peoples.[2]

  1. ^ A History of Pagan Europe, P. 181 ISBN 0-415-09136-5
  2. ^ Hofstra, Tette; Samplonius, Kees. "Viking Expansion Northwards: Mediaeval Sources" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-30. Retrieved 2024-01-05.