Jushi 車師 | |
|---|---|
| 108 BC–450 AD | |
The Jushi kingdom ( .png){kind=small} ) and contemporary polities of continental Asia, circa 400 AD | |
| Status | Kingdom |
| Capital | Jiaohe (交河) |
| Government | Monarchy |
| History | |
• Established | 108 BC |
• Vassal of the Tang dynasty | 60 BC |
• Destroyed by the Northern Liang | 450 AD |
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The Jushi (Chinese: 車師; pinyin: Jūshī, sometimes pronounced Cheshi), or Gushi (Chinese: 姑師; pinyin: Gūshī), were a people probably associated with the Subeshi culture,[1] who established a kingdom during the 1st millennium BC in the Turpan basin (modern Xinjiang, China).[2] The kingdom included the area of Ayding Lake, in the eastern Tian Shan range. During the late 2nd and early 1st century BC, the area was increasingly dominated by the Han dynasty and the northern neighbours of the Jushi, the Xiongnu, and became one of the many minor states of the Western Regions of Han dynasty China. In 450 AD the Northern Liang destroyed the state of Jushi (車師) and occupied its capital city of Jiaohe 交河 (Yarkhoto).[3] Jiaohe, later known as Yarkhoto and Yarghul, was destroyed in a Mongol attack in the 13th century.
The Jushi may have been one of the Tocharian peoples and spoken one of the associated languages.[4]
- ^ Beck, Ulrike; Wagner, Mayke; Li, Xiao; Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond; Tarasov, Pavel E. (20 October 2014). "The invention of trousers and its likely affiliation with horseback riding and mobility: A case study of late 2nd millennium BC finds from Turfan in eastern Central Asia". Quaternary International. 348: 225–226. Bibcode:2014QuInt.348..224B. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.04.056. ISSN 1040-6182.
The Yanghai graveyard is assigned to the Subeixi (Subeshi) culture (e.g. Jiang et al., 2006, 2009), conventionally dated to the first millennium BC (Chen, 2002; Han, 2007; Xinjiang, 2011). The culture is associated with the Cheshi (Chü-shih) state known from Chinese historical sources (Sinor, 1990).
- ^ Jan Romgard, “Ancient Human Settlements in Xinjiang and the Early Silk Road Trade” Sino-Platonic Papers, 185 (November, 2008)[1][permanent dead link]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
RX66was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Mallory, J. P. (2015). "The Problem of Tocharian Origins: An Archaeological Perspective" (PDF). Sino-Platonic Papers: 24.