| Part of a series on the |
| Culture of Karnataka |
|---|
 |
Standard Kannada grammar (Kannada: ಕನ್ನಡ ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ) is primarily based on Keshiraja's Shabdamanidarpana (c. 1260 CE) which provides the fullest systematic exposition of Kannada language.[1][2] The earlier grammatical works include portions of Kavirajamarga (a treatise on alańkāra) of 9th century, Kavyavalokana and Karnatakabhashabhushana both authored by Nagavarma II in first half of the 12th century.[2]
Various grammatical aspects of Kannada include tatsama–tadbhava, vibhakti pratyaya, kāla (tense forms), linga (gender forms), sandhi, samāsa, chandassu, alańkāra; and different poetrical metres such as vritta, tripadi, kanda (also called, choupadi or chaturpadi), shatpadi, sāngatya and others.[clarification needed]
The name given for a pure, true letter is akshara, akkara or varna. Each letter has its own form (ākāra) and sound (shabda); providing the visible and audible representations, respectively. Kannada is written from left to right.[3] Kannada alphabet (aksharamale or varnamale) now consists of 49 letters.[4]
Each sound has its own distinct letter, and therefore every word is pronounced exactly as it is spelt; so the ear is a sufficient guide. After the exact sounds of the letters have been once gained, every word can be pronounced with perfect accuracy. The stress falls on the first syllable.[3]
The first treatise on Kannada grammar in English was written in 1864 by Rev. Thomas Hodson, a Wesleyan missionary, as An Elementary Grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese Language[5]
- ^ Studies in Indian History, Epigraphy, and Culture – By Govind Swamirao Gai, pp. 315
- ^ a b A Grammar of the Kannada Language F.Kittel (1993), pp. 3
- ^ a b A Grammar of the Kannada Language F.Kittel (1993), pp. 5
- ^ "BhashaIndia.com :: Kannada". Retrieved 2008-05-01.
- ^ Hodson, T (1864). An Elementary Grammar of Kannada or Canarese Language. Bangalore: Wesleyan Mission Press. ISBN 9785873933433. Retrieved 24 November 2015.