Kara Del 哈密國 | |||||||||||
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| c. 1389–1513 | |||||||||||
 Location of Kara Del | |||||||||||
| Status | Vassal of the Ming dynasty (1404–1513) | ||||||||||
| Capital | Qamil (Hami) | ||||||||||
| Common languages | Mongolian, Old Uyghur language | ||||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||||
| Khan | |||||||||||
| Historical era | Post-classical | ||||||||||
• Gunashiri breaks away from Northern Yuan dynasty | c. 1389 | ||||||||||
• Kara Del accepts Ming supremacy | 1404 | ||||||||||
• Conquered by Esen of the Northern Yuan | 1430s | ||||||||||
• Coup staged by pro-Mongol faction | 1463 | ||||||||||
• Ming restores Gunashiri dynasty | 1467 | ||||||||||
• Mansur Khan from the Chagatai Khanate overthrows the Gunashiri dynasty and the region converts to Islam | 1513 | ||||||||||
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| Today part of | China | ||||||||||
| History of Xinjiang |
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Kara Del or Qara Del was a Mongol-led kingdom that existed in Qamil or Hami, in present-day Xinjiang. It was founded by the Yuan prince Gunashiri, a descendant of Chagatai Khan, in the late 14th century (c. 1389), and ruled by the Chagatayids thereafter until 1463. From 1380, it began to pay tribute to the Ming dynasty. From 1406, it was governed by Ming under the "Hami Guard" (Chinese: 哈密衛, also known as the "Kara Del Guard"); however, sometimes it was still under the influence of the Northern Yuan, and the ruler was called the Obedient King (Chinese: 忠順王) under the Jimi system. It was destroyed in 1513 as a result of the wars between the Ming dynasty and the Oirats, as well as dynastic succession struggles. Kara Del means "black chest" in the Old Mongol language.