Kareniaceae

Kareniaceae
Anatomy of Karenia brevis
Karenia brevis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Diaphoretickes
Clade: SAR
Clade: Alveolata
Phylum: Myzozoa
Superclass: Dinoflagellata
Class: Dinophyceae
Order: Gymnodiniales
Family: Kareniaceae

Kareniaceae is an accepted marine family of relatively small, toxic, unarmored dinoflagellates belonging to the order Gymnodiniales.[1][2] Species in the Kareniaceae clade often cause harmful discolored green algea blooms (HABs) that pose a safety and health risk to humans (H. sapiens) and the surrounding regions. Such blooms also pose a risk to coastal aquaculture worldwide, especially in places like France, the Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel and the Mediterranean Sea.[3][4]

Species in this family produce neurotoxins like brevetoxins, which cause human shellfish poisoning (HSP), respiratory effects and mass fish death.[5]

  1. ^ "Taxonomy Browser :: Algaebase". www.algaebase.org. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  2. ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Kareniaceae". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
  3. ^ Zhang, Weiqian; Zhang, Qingchun; Smith, Kirsty F.; Qiu, Limei; Liu, Chao; Yin, Xiaoting; Liu, Qing (2022). "Development of Specific DNA Barcodes for the Dinophyceae Family Kareniaceae and Their Application in the South China Sea". Frontiers in Marine Science. 9. doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.851605. ISSN 2296-7745.
  4. ^ Nézan, Elisabeth; Siano, Raffaele; Boulben, Sylviane; Six, Christophe; Bilien, Gwenael; Chèze, Karine; Duval, Audrey; Le Panse, Sophie; Quéré, Julien; Chomérat, Nicolas (2014-12-01). "Genetic diversity of the harmful family Kareniaceae (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) in France, with the description of Karlodinium gentienii sp. nov.: A new potentially toxic dinoflagellate" (PDF). Harmful Algae. 40: 75–91. doi:10.1016/j.hal.2014.10.006. ISSN 1568-9883.
  5. ^ "Karenia – Harmful Algal Blooms". Retrieved 2023-11-09.