Karl Gottlieb Pfander

Karl Gottlieb Pfander
Born3 November 1803
Württemberg
Died1 December 1865(1865-12-01) (aged 62)
Richmond, London
Occupation(s)Priest, missionary, apologist
ChurchLutheran Church
WritingsMizan al-Haqq (The Balance of Truth) and others

Karl Gottlieb Pfander (1803–1865), spelt also as Carl Gottlieb Pfander or C.G. Pfander, was a Lutheran Christian priest, missionary and apologist; he served as a missionary in Central Asia and Trans-Caucasus under the Basel Mission, and as a polemicist to the North-Western Provinces of India under the Church Missionary Society.[1] He was known for converting Muslims to Christianity.[2][3][4][5][6]

He authored Mizan al-Haqq (The Balance of Truth), an apologetic, Remarks on the nature of Muhammedanism, and more.[2][3][4][5][7]

  1. ^ Grafton, David D. (16 March 2009). Piety, Politics, and Power: Lutherans Encountering Islam in the Middle East. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-60608-130-3. Another important Lutheran Pietist who graduated from Basel and went out to serve in the Middle East was Karl Gottlieb Pfander. Originally Pfander was sent to Persia under the auspices of the Basel seminary and then later under the CMS in both India and Turkey. His book The Balance of Truth, an apologetic work against Islam, would become the most prominent piece of Protestant missionary literature utilized by Christian missions in the Middle East throughout the twentieth century. Pfander was a prominent Lutheran Pietist from Württemberg. He was ordained under Lutheran orders from the state church in Württemberg and then sent to Shusha, now located in Azerbaijan
  2. ^ a b Anderson, Gerald H. (1999). Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 532. ISBN 978-0-8028-4680-8.
  3. ^ a b "Carl Pfander the catalyst: Pietism and mission" (PDF). ktp.isam.org.tr. Retrieved May 15, 2012. Pfander Carl(Karl) Gottlieb, born 3 November 1803 at Waibllngen, Germany. After attending the local Lateinshcule, he started missionary training in Germany.
  4. ^ a b Powell, Avril Ann (1993). Muslims and Missionaries in Pre-Mutiny India. Routledge. pp. 132–. ISBN 978-0-7007-0210-7.
  5. ^ a b "PFANDER, pfān'der, KARL GOTTLIEB: Missionary to the Mohammedans". ccel.org. Retrieved May 19, 2012. He married first Sophia Reuss, a German, in Moscow, July 11, 1834, who died in childbed in Shusha, May 12, 1835; second, Emily Swinburne, an Englishwoman, in Calcutta, Jan. 19, 1841, who bore him three boys and three girls, and survived him fifteen years.
  6. ^ "The legacy of Karl Gottlieb Pfander. (missionary in the Muslim world)". Karl Gottlieb Pfander has been described as the "foremost champion of his age" in the assault upon "the embattled forces of the False Prophet." – In 1825, after completing his course, Pfander was ordained in Lutheran orders and stationed at Shusha, the provincial capital of Karabagh in Russian Armenia.[dead link]
  7. ^ "Carl [Karl] Gottlieb Pfander". muhammadanism.org. Retrieved May 24, 2012. Dr. Pfander's writings, which consist of three treatises: first, Mizan-ul-Haqq, or "Balance of Truth"; second, Miftah-ul-Asrar, or "Key of Mysteries"; and third, Tariq-ul-Hyat, or " Way of Salvation." They were originally written in Persian, but have also been published in Urdoo