Karunakara Tondaiman | |
|---|---|
 Sculpture of Karunakara Tondaiman at Draksharama. | |
| Birth name | Thiruvarangan |
| Born | Kumbakonam, Chola Empire (modern day Tamil Nadu, India) |
| Died | Gangaikonda Cholapuram, Chola Empire (modern day Jayankondam, Tamil Nadu, India) |
| Allegiance | Chola Empire |
| Service | Chola army |
| Rank | Senathipathi |
| Commands | Chola Army in Sri Lanka and Kalinga |
| Battles / wars |
|
| Spouse(s) | Alagiyamanavalini Mangai Ālvār |
Karunakara Tondaiman was a general of Chola Emperor Kulottunga I.[1] He is renowned for leading the Chola invasion of Kalinga during the reign of Kulottunga I[2][3] and is the hero of Jayamkondar's poem Kalinkkattuparani[4][5] In the Parani poem he is referred to as the lord of Vandai.[6] while in the Draksharamam inscription of Kulottunga I, he is called as Vanduvaraja and Pallavaraja.[7] He also served as a minister under Kulothunga Chola's son and successor, Vikrama Chola.[8]
- ^ Sakkottai Krishnaswami Aiyangar. Ancient India: Collected Essays on the Literary and Political History of Southern India. Asian Educational Services, 1911 - India - 451 pages. p. 333.
- ^ C.Sivaratnam: The Tamils in early Ceylon, p. 116
- ^ History of the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi, 610-1210 A.D., p. 455.
- ^ History of medieval Andhradesa, p. 25
- ^ History of the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi, 610-1210 A.D.
- ^ University of Allahabad. Department of Modern Indian History, University of Travancore, University of Kerala, University of Kerala. Department of History. Journal of Indian History, Volume 4, Issue 3. p. 23.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Chitra Madhavan. History And Culture Of Tamil Nadu: Vol. 1 (Upto C. Ad 1310). D. K. Print World (P) Limited, 2005 - History - 305 pages. p. 75.
- ^ The Cholas: mathematics reconstructs the chronology, p. 171