Kashmiri language

Kashmiri
  • کٲشُر
  • कॉशुर
  • 𑆑𑆳𑆯𑆶𑆫𑇀
The word "Koshur" in Perso-Arabic script (contemporary, official status), Sharada script (ancient, liturgical) and Devanagari
Native toIndia and Pakistan
RegionKashmir (Kashmir division and parts of Chenab valley, Jammu and Kashmir,[1] parts of northern Azad Kashmir)
EthnicityKashmiris
Native speakers
7.1 million (2011)[1]
Indo-European
Dialects
Official: Perso-Arabic script (contemporary)[4]
Others: Devanagari[4] (informally used by some sections within the Kashmiri Pandit community after 1990),[5][6][7]
Sharada script (ancient/liturgical)[4]
Official status
Official language in
 India
Language codes
ISO 639-1ks
ISO 639-2kas
ISO 639-3kas
Glottologkash1277
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Kashmiri (English: /kæʃˈmɪəri/ kash-MEER-ee)[10] or Koshur[11] (Kashmiri: کٲشُر (Perso-Arabic, Official Script), pronounced [kəːʃur])[1] is a Dardic Indo-Aryan language spoken by around 7 million Kashmiris of the Kashmir region,[12] primarily in the Kashmir Valley and Chenab Valley of the Indian-administrated union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, over half the population of that territory.[13] Kashmiri has split ergativity and the unusual verb-second word order.

Since 2020, It has been made an official language of Jammu and Kashmir along with Dogri, Hindi, Urdu and English.[14] Kashmiri is also among the 22 scheduled languages of India.

Kashmiri is spoken by roughly five percent of Pakistani-administrated Azad Kashmir's population.[15]

  1. ^ a b c Kashmiri at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Closed access icon
  2. ^ Mahapatra, B. P. (1989). Constitutional languages. Presses Université Laval. p. 270. ISBN 978-2-7637-7186-1.
  3. ^ Nicolaus, Peter (2015). "Residues of Ancient Beliefs among the Shin in the Gilgit-Division and Western Ladakh". Iran & the Caucasus. 19 (3): 201–264. doi:10.1163/1573384X-20150302. ISSN 1609-8498. JSTOR 43899199.
  4. ^ a b c Sociolinguistics. Mouton de Gruyter. 1977. ISBN 9789027977229. Retrieved 30 August 2009.
  5. ^ "Valley divide impacts Kashmiri, Pandit youth switch to Devnagari". The Indian Express.
  6. ^ "There's a new Hindu-Muslim conflict in Kashmir—this time over one language, two scripts". The Print. 21 May 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  7. ^ Taru (22 October 2016). "Pandits want official status for Kashmiri written in Devanagari script". The Sunday Guardian Live. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  8. ^ "Jammu, Kashmir & Ladakh: Ethno-linguistic areas". koshur.org. Retrieved 2 June 2007.
  9. ^ "The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020". India Code. 26 September 2020.
  10. ^ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student's Handbook, Edinburgh
  11. ^ Bhat, M. Ashraf (1989). The Changing Language Roles and Linguistic Identities of the Kashmiri Speech Community. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 61. ISBN 9781443862608. Koshur, the language of Kashmiris, is said to be a Prakrit of the pure and original Sanskrit", remarks Lawrence
  12. ^ "Kashmiri language | Kashmiri language | Indo-Aryan, Dialects, Poetry | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  13. ^ Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George (26 July 2007). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. p. 895. ISBN 978-1-135-79710-2.
  14. ^ "Parliament passes Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Bill, 2020". The Hindu. 23 September 2020.
  15. ^ Bukhari, Shujaat (14 June 2011). "The other Kashmir". The Hindu. Retrieved 24 October 2020.