Kazakhs

For other uses, see Kazakh (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Cossacks.

Kazakhs
Қазақтар
Qazaqtar
Regions with significant populations
 Kazakhstan14,220,321 (2023)[1]
 China1,562,518 (2020)[2]
 Uzbekistan821,172 (2023)[3]
 Russia591,970 (2021)[4]
 Mongolia120,999 (2020)[5]
 Kyrgyzstan28,244 (2022)[6]
 United States21,913 (2022)[7]
 Iran10,000 (2024)[8]
 Turkey10,000 (2009)[9]
 Canada6,600 (2011)[10]
 Czech Republic5,639 (2017)[11]
 Ukraine5,526 (2001)[12]
 United Kingdom5,432 (2011)[13]
 United Arab Emirates5,000 (2015)[14]
 Portugal3,000 (2017)[15]
 Australia2,430 (2023)[16]
 Italy1,924 (2022)[17]
 Austria1,685[18]
 Belarus1,355 (2009)[19]
 Germany1,000 (2016)[20]
 Afghanistan200 (2021)[21]
 Philippines178–215 (2022)[22]
Languages
Kazakh
Religion
Predominantly Islam, minorities practicing Tengrism[23] and Shamanism[24]
Related ethnic groups
Karakalpak, Nogai, Kyrgyz

The Kazakhs (Kazakh: қазақтар, qazaqtar, قازاقتار, [qazaq'tar] ⓘ) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia and Eastern Europe. There are Kazakh communities in Kazakhstan's border regions in Russia, northern Uzbekistan, northwestern China (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture), western Mongolia (Bayan-Ölgii Province) and Iran (Golestan province).[25] The Kazakhs arose from the merging of various medieval tribes of Turkic and Mongolic origin in the 15th century.[26][27][28][29][30][31]

Kazakh identity was shaped following the foundation of the Kazakh Khanate between 1456 and 1465, when following the disintegration of the Turkified state of Golden Horde, several tribes under the rule of the sultans Janibek and Kerei departed from the Khanate of Abu'l-Khayr Khan in hopes of forming a powerful khanate of their own.

The term Kazakh is used to refer to ethnic Kazakhs, while the term Kazakhstani refers to all citizens of Kazakhstan, regardless of ethnicity.[32][33]

  1. ^ "Краткие итоги Переписи населения". gov.kz (in Kazakh). April 2023. Archived from the original on 2 September 2022.
  2. ^ "Main Data of the Seventh National Population Census". Stats.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
  3. ^ "Permanent population by national and / or ethnic group, urban / rural place of residence". data.egov.uz.
  4. ^ "Национальный состав населения". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
  5. ^ "2020 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS OF MONGOLIA /summary/". Archived from the original on 15 July 2021.
  6. ^ "Kyrgyzstan census 2022" (PDF).
  7. ^ "ASIAN ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ONE OR MORE OTHER RACES, AND WITH ONE OR MORE ASIAN CATEGORIES FOR SELECTED GROUPS". United States Census Bureau. United States Department of Commerce. 2022. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  8. ^ "Golestan, Kazakhstan cultural night to be held in northern Iran". Tehran Times. 23 September 2024. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  9. ^ "Казахское общество Турции готово стать объединительным мостом в крепнущей дружбе двух братских народов – лидер общины Камиль Джезер". 26 October 2009. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  10. ^ "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables". 8 May 2013. Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  11. ^ "Population data". czso.cz. Archived from the original on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
  12. ^ Ukrainian population census 2001 [dead link‍]: Distribution of population by nationality. Retrieved 23 April 2009
  13. ^ "Main Language in England & Wales by Proficiency in English 2011". Office for National Statistics. 2011. Archived from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
  14. ^ "UAE´s population – by nationality". BQ Magazine. 12 April 2015. Archived from the original on 11 July 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  15. ^ "Kazakhstan and Portugal: prospects for the development of bilateral relations".
  16. ^ "Kazakhstan country brief". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  17. ^ "Cittadini Kazaki in Italia Dati Istat al 2022". Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  18. ^ "Bevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit und Geburtsland". Statistik Austria. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  19. ^ population census 2009 Archived 18 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine: National composition of the population.
  20. ^ "Kasachische Diaspora in Deutschland. Botschaft der Republik Kasachstan in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland" (in German). botschaft-kaz.de. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016.
  21. ^ Лаханұлы, Нұртай (10 September 2021). "Ауғанстанда қанша қазақ тұрады?". Азаттық Радиосы. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  22. ^ "how many kazakhs live in philippines?". Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
  23. ^ Scripka, Abigail (2022). Tengrism as a lived religion in Kazakhstan and its role in national identity building (Thesis). Tartu Ülikool.
  24. ^ Ауесбаева П. Т., Ахметбекова А. К. (2019). "Шаманы (баксы) под покровительством Тенгри" (Тенгрианство и эпическое наследие народов Евразии ed.): 42–45. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  25. ^ "Golestan, Kazakhstan cultural night to be held in northern Iran". Tehran Times. 23 September 2024. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  26. ^ Lee, Joo-Yup (2018). "Some remarks on the Turkicisation of the Mongols in post-Mongol Central Asia and the Qipchaq Steppe". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 71 (2): 121–144. doi:10.1556/062.2018.71.2.1. S2CID 133847698.
  27. ^ "Kazakh | People, Religion, Language, & Culture | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 10 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  28. ^ Zhabagin, M.; Sabitov, Z.; Tarlykov, P.; Tazhigulova, I.; Junissova, Z.; Yerezhepov, D.; Akilzhanov, R.; Zholdybayeva, E.; Wei, L. H.; Akilzhanova, A.; Balanovsky, O.; Balanovska, E. (2020). "The medieval Mongolian roots of Y-chromosomal lineages from South Kazakhstan". BMC Genetics. 21 (Suppl 1): 87. doi:10.1186/s12863-020-00897-5. PMC 7583311. PMID 33092538.
  29. ^ Sabitov, Zhaxylyk M.; Batbayar, Kherlen. "The Genetic Origin of the Turko-Mongols and Review of the Genetic Legacy of the Mongols. Part 1: The Y-chromosome Lineages of Chinggis Khan the Russian Journal of Genetic Genealogy. Volume 4, No 2 (2012)/Volume 5, No 1 (2013). P. 1-8". academia.edu.
  30. ^ Sabitov, Zhaxylyk M. "The Kazakhstan DNA projecthits first hundred Y-profilesfor ethnic Kazakhs". academia.edu.
  31. ^ Lee, Joo-Yup (26 April 2019), "The Kazakh Khanate", Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History, doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.60, ISBN 978-0-19-027772-7, archived from the original on 15 June 2023, retrieved 11 November 2023 {{citation}}: Check |url= value (help)
  32. ^ Kolsto, Pal (January 1998). "Anticipating Demographic Superiority: Kazakh Thinking on Integration and Nation". Europe-Asia Studies. 50 (1): 51–69. doi:10.1080/09668139808412523. hdl:10852/25215. JSTOR 153405. PMID 12348666. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2021 – via JSTOR.
  33. ^ Buri, Tabea (2016). "Urbanisation and Changing Kazakh Ethnic Subjectivities in Gansu, China". Inner Asia. 18 (1): 79–96 (87). doi:10.1163/22105018-12340054. JSTOR 44645086. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2021 – via JSTOR.