Kedah

Kedah
State
Kedah Darul Aman
قدح دار الأمان
Other transcription(s)
 • Jawiقدح
 • Chinese吉打
Jídǎ (Hanyu Pinyin)
 • Tamilகடாரம்
Keṭā (Transliteration)
 • Thaiเกอดะฮ์
Koeda (RTGS)
Flag of Kedah
Flag
Coat of arms of Kedah
Coat of arms
Nickname(s): 
Negeri Jelapang Padi
The Rice Bowl State
Anthem: Allah Selamatkan Sultan Mahkota
God Save the Crowned Sultan
   Kedah in    Malaysia
Country Malaysia
Old Kedah2nd CE
Kedah Sultanate1136
Siamese control1821
British control1909
Japanese occupation1942
Independence as part of the Federation of Malaya31 August 1957
CapitalAlor Setar[a]
6°07′42″N 100°21′46″E / 6.12833°N 100.36278°E / 6.12833; 100.36278
Largest citySungai Petani
Ethnic groups
(2020)[1]
Religion
(2020)[1]
Demonym(s)Kedahan
GovernmentParliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Sultan
Sallehuddin
Muhammad Sanusi Md Nor
(PN–PAS)
LegislatureLegislative Assembly
Area
• Total
9,492 km2 (3,665 sq mi)
Highest elevation
(Mount Bintang)
1,862 m (6,109 ft)
Population
• 2020 census
2,131,427
• Density
224.55/km2 (581.6/sq mi) (8th)
GDP (PPP)2023 estimate
• Total
$40.312 billion (10th)
• Per capita
$18,429 (13th)
GDP (nominal)2023 estimate
• Total
$12.397 billion[2] (10th)
• Per capita
$5,779[2] (13th)
Gini (2022)Negative increase 0.359[3]
low
HDI (2022)Decrease 0.771[4]
high · 14th
CurrencyMalaysian ringgit (RM/MYR)
Time zoneUTC+8 (Malaysian Time)
Date formatdd-mm-yyyy
Driving sideleft
Calling code+604-4, +604-7, +604-9
Postal code
05xxx to 09xxx
ISO 3166 codeMY-02
Websitekedah.gov.my
^[a] Including royal seat in suburb Anak Bukit.
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Kedah (Malay pronunciation: [kəˈdah]),[7] also known by its honorific Darul Aman (دار الأمان; Arabic for 'The Safe Abode') and historically as Queda,[8] is a state of Malaysia, located in the northwestern part of Peninsular Malaysia. The state covers a total area of over 9,000 km2, and consists of a mainland portion and the Langkawi islands. The mainland has relatively flat terrain, which is used to grow rice, while Langkawi is composed of mostly of uninhabited islands.

Kedah was previously known as Kadaram (Tamil: கடாரம்; Kaṭāram) by the ancient and medieval Tamils, Kataha or Kalahbar (Arabic: قتح; qataḥa or Arabic: قلحبر; qalaḥbar) by the Arabs, and Syburi (Thai: ไทรบุรี; RTGS: Sai Buri) by the Siamese when it was under their influence.[9][10]

Kedah borders the state of Perlis to the north and shares an international boundary with the Songkhla and Yala provinces of Thailand. It borders the states of Perak to the south and Penang to the southwest.

The state's capital is Alor Setar and the royal seat is in the capital's suburb Anak Bukit. Other major towns include Sungai Petani (its largest urban area by population), and Kulim on the mainland, and Kuah on Langkawi.

  1. ^ a b "Key Findings of Population and Housing Census of Malaysia 2020" (pdf) (in Malay and English). Department of Statistics, Malaysia. ISBN 978-967-2000-85-3.
  2. ^ a b DOSM. "Department of Statistics Malaysia". www.dosm.gov.my. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  3. ^ "Laporan Sosioekonomi Negeri Kedah 2023". Department of Statistics Malaysia (in Malay). August 2024. ISSN 2600-9919.
  4. ^ "Subnational Human Development Index (7.0) [Kedah – Malaysia]". Global Data Lab of Institute for Management Research, Radboud University. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
  5. ^ "Laporan Kiraan Permulaan 2010" (PDF). Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. p. 27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2011.
  6. ^ "Population by States and Ethnic Group". Department of Information, Ministry of Communications and Multimedia, Malaysia. 2015. Archived from the original on 12 February 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  7. ^ "Kedah pronunciation". Forvo.
  8. ^ "Enakmen Pentadbiran Undang-Undang Islam (Kedah Darul Aman) 2008 - Enakmen 5 Tahun 2008". www2.esyariah.gov.my. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  9. ^ Miksic, John Norman; Yian, Goh Geok (2000). Ancient Southeast Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-73554-4.
  10. ^ Cyril Skinner, The Civil War in Kelantan in 1839, Kuala Lumpur: Monographs of the Malaysian Branch, Royal Asiatic Society, 1965.