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The Kelvedon and Tollesbury Light Railway was a locally promoted railway company, intended to open up an agricultural district that suffered from poor transport links. The enactment of the Light Railways Act 1896 encouraged the promoters to persuade the dominant main line railway, the Great Eastern Railway (GER), to participate in the construction and operation of the line.
The line opened from Kelvedon to Tollesbury in 1904. At Kelvedon it had its own station close to the GER main line station. All the stations had minimal buildings—in most cases old coach or bus bodies served as waiting rooms, and the passenger rolling stock consisted of conversions of old vehicles. Passenger business was never dominant, but the area around Tiptree experienced major growth in the culture of soft fruit and of jams.
The GER took over the original company, and built an extension to Tollesbury Pier on the River Blackwater estuary; this opened in 1907. It was hoped that this would lead to numerous commercial possibilities: the development of housing and of yachting facilities in addition to the increased use of the pier as a transport terminal, but these developments never materialised, and the pier extension railway closed in 1921. The entire line closed to passenger traffic in 1951, and the goods activity was truncated to serve the Tudwick Road (Tiptree) siding only, for the jam factory. That too closed in 1962, and there is now no railway activity on the former line.