Khagan

Khagan
Rouran
Brahmi Script: 𑀓𑀕𑀦𑁆
Transliteration: Kagan
Transcription (Vovin): qaɣan
Mongolian
Mongolian Script: ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
ʼPhags-pa script: ꡢꡖꡋ
Transliteration: Qagan, Xagan
Cyrillic script: Хаан / Хаган
Transliteration: Khaan / Khagan
Yeniseian
Latin alphabet: Qaγan
Hindustani
Devanagari: (Hindi) ख़ागान्
Transliteration: K͟Hāgān
Nasta'liq: (Urdu) خاقان
Transliteration: K͟Hāqān
Bengali
Bengali: খাকান / খাগান
Transliteration: khākān / khāgān
Punjabi
Gurumukhi: ਖ਼ਾਗਾਨ੍
Transliteration: K͟Hāgān
Shahmukhi: خاقان
Transliteration: K͟Hāqān
Old Turkic
Latin alphabet: Qağan / Kaɣan
Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰍𐰣
Turkish
Anatolian Turkish language: Kağan
Ottoman Turkish language /
Latin alphabet transliteration:
خاقان / Ḫākan
Azerbaijani
Latin alphabet: Xaqan
Kazakh
Cyrillic script: Қаған
Latin alphabet: Qağan
Kyrgyz
Cyrillic script: Каган
Pronunciation: [qɑˈʁɑn]
Russian
Cyrillic script: Каган
Latin alphabet: Kagan
Hungarian
Latin alphabet: Kagán
Chinese
Traditional Chinese: 可汗
Simplified Chinese: 可汗
Hanyu Pinyin: Kèhán
Persian
Persian alphabet: خاقان
Latin alphabet: Khāghān
Korean
Hangul: 가한
Hanja: 可汗
Revised Romanization: Gahan
McCune-Reischauer: Kahan
Uyghur
Uyghur قاغان
Uyghur latin Qaghan

Khagan or Qaghan (Mongolian:ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ; Khaan or Khagan; Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰍𐰣 Kaɣan)[a] is a title of imperial rank in Turkic, Mongolic, and some other languages, equal to the status of emperor and someone who rules a khaganate (empire).[1] The female equivalent is Khatun.

It may also be translated as "Khan of Khans", equivalent to King of Kings. In Bulgarian, the title became known as Khan,[b] while in modern Turkic, the title became Khaan with the g sound becoming almost silent[c] or non-existent; the ğ in modern Turkish Kağan is also silent. After the division of the Mongol Empire, monarchs of the Yuan dynasty and the Northern Yuan held the title of Khagan. Kağan, Hakan and Kaan, Turkish equivalents of the title are common Turkish names in Turkey.

The common western rendering as Great Khan (or Grand Khan), notably in the case of the Mongol Empire, is a translation of Yekhe Khagan (Great Emperor or Их Хаан).


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  1. ^ Fairbank 1978, p. 367).