Khanate of Kalat

Khanate of Kalat
کلاتءِ ھانات ، خانات کلات
1666–1955
Flag of Kalat
Flag
Balochistan in the year 1789, including the Khanate of Kalat and states that are under its suzerainty.
Balochistan in the year 1789, including the Khanate of Kalat and states that are under its suzerainty.
Khanate of Kalat (dark green) in Baluchistan Agency (1931)
Khanate of Kalat (dark green) in Baluchistan Agency (1931)
StatusKhanate
CapitalKalat
Common languagesBrahui, Balochi, Persian (administration),[1] Jatki, Dehwari
Religion
GovernmentHereditary monarchy
• Khan
Ahmad Yar Khan
Historical eraEarly Modern Period
• Established
1666
• Disestablished
1955
Area
1835560,000 km2 (220,000 sq mi)
1940139,850 km2 (54,000 sq mi)
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Mughal Empire
Afsharid Iran
Balochistan States Union
Qajar Iran
Emirate of Afghanistan
Today part ofPakistan
Iran[2]
Afghanistan[2]
State emblem of Pakistan
This article is part of the series
Former administrative units of Pakistan
Original provinces
Princely states
One-unit provinces
Other subdivisions

The Khanate of Kalat was a Brahui Khanate that originated in the modern-day Kalat region of Pakistan. Formed in 1666 due to the threat of Mughal expansion in the region,[3][4] it controlled the wider Balochistan at its greatest extent in the mid-18th century,[2] extending from Kerman in the west to Sindh in the east and from Helmand River in the north to the Arabian Sea in the south.[5]

The Khanate of Kalat lost considerable area to Qajar Iran and the Emirate of Afghanistan in the early 19th century,[2] and the city of Kalat was itself sacked by the British in 1839. Kalat became a self-governing state in a subsidiary alliance with British India after the signature of the Treaty of Kalat by the Khan of Kalat and the Brahui Sardars in 1875, and the supervision of Kalat became a task of the Baluchistan Agency.[6] Kalat was briefly independent from 12 August 1947 until 27 March 1948, when its ruler Ahmad Yar Khan acceded to Pakistan, making it one of the Princely states of Pakistan.

  1. ^ Spooner, Brian (2011). "10. Balochi: Towards a Biography of the Language". In Schiffman, Harold F. (ed.). Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors. Brill. p. 320. ISBN 978-9004201453. The medium of administration in this state, which became known as the Khanate of Kalat, was Persian, as was customary down to the 19th century throughout south and central Asia and beyond (see Spooner, this volume).
  2. ^ a b c d Elfenbein, Josef (1989). "Brahui". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume IV/4: Bolbol I–Brick. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 433–443. ISBN 978-0-71009-127-7.
  3. ^ "Treaty of Kalat between Balochistan and Afghanistan in 1758" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  4. ^ "Baluchistan" Imperial Gazetteer of India Vol. 6, p. 277, from the Digital South Asia Library, accessed 15 January 2009
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Naseer Dashti 280 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ "Balochistan Archives – Records of the Agent to the Governor General in Balochistan". Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 31 July 2015.