Kharkiv
Харків | |
|---|---|
| Ukrainian transcription(s) | |
| • National, ALA-LC, BGN/PCGN | Kharkiv |
| • Scholarly | Charkiv |
Clockwise from top: Assumption Cathedral, Kharkiv railway station, National University of Kharkiv, Kharkiv city council | |
 Flag | |
| Nickname: Smart City | |
 Interactive map of Kharkiv | |
  Kharkiv  Kharkiv  Kharkiv | |
| Coordinates: 49°59′33″N 36°13′52″E / 49.99250°N 36.23111°E | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Kharkiv Oblast |
| Raion | Kharkiv Raion |
| Hromada | Kharkiv urban hromada |
| Founded | 1654[1] |
| Districts | List of 9[2]
|
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Ihor Terekhov[3] (Kernes Bloc – Successful Kharkiv[4]) |
| Area | |
• City | 350 km2 (140 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 3,223 km2 (1,244 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 152 m (499 ft) |
| Population (April 1, 2024 estimate) | |
• City | 956,774  |
| • Rank | 2nd in Ukraine |
| • Density | 4,500/km2 (12,000/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,729,049[5] |
| Demonym | Kharkivite[6] |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code | 61001–61499 |
| Licence plate | AX, KX, ХА (old), 21 (old) |
| Sister cities | Albuquerque, Bologna, Cincinnati, Kaunas, Lille, Nuremberg, Poznań, Tianjin, Jinan, Kutaisi, Varna, Rishon LeZion, Brno, Daugavpils |
| Website | www |
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Kharkiv (/ˈkɑːrkɪv/ KAR-kiv; Ukrainian: Харків, IPA: [ˈxɑrkiu̯] ), also known as Kharkov (UK: /ˈkɑːrkɒv/ KAR-kov, US: /ˈkɑːrkɔːf/ KAR-kawf; Russian: Харькoв, IPA: [ˈxarʲkəf] ), is the second-largest city in Ukraine.[7] Located in the northeast of the country, it is the largest city of the historic region of Sloboda Ukraine. Kharkiv is the administrative centre of Kharkiv Oblast and Kharkiv Raion. It had a population, before the Russian invasion, of 1,421,125 (2022 estimate).[8]
Kharkiv was founded in 1654 as a fortress, and grew to become a major centre of industry, trade, and Ukrainian culture in Sloboda Ukraine in the multiethnic Russian Empire. At the beginning of the 20th century the city had a predominantly Ukrainian and Russian population, but as industrial expansion drew in further labor from the distressed countryside, and as the Soviet Union moderated previous restrictions on Ukrainian cultural expression, Ukrainians became the largest ethnic group in the city by the eve of World War II. From December 1919 to January 1934, Kharkiv was the capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.
Kharkiv is a major cultural, scientific, educational, transport, and industrial centre of Ukraine, with numerous museums, theatres, and libraries, including the Annunciation and Dormition cathedrals, the Derzhprom building in Freedom Square, and the National University of Kharkiv. Industry plays a significant role in Kharkiv's economy, specialised primarily in machinery and electronics. There are hundreds of industrial facilities throughout the city, including the Morozov Design Bureau, the Malyshev Factory, Khartron, Turboatom, and Antonov.
In March and April 2014 security forces and counter-demonstrators defeated efforts by Russian-backed separatists to seize control of the city and regional administration. Kharkiv was a major target for Russian forces in the eastern Ukraine campaign during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine before they were pushed back to the Russia–Ukraine border. The city remains under intermittent Russian fire, with reports that almost a quarter of the city was destroyed by April 2024.[9][10][11]
- ^ What Makes Kharkiv Ukrainian Archived 8 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine, The Ukrainian Week (23 November 2014)
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
nmcrinKwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Терехов офіційно став мером Харкова" [Terekhov officially became the mayor of Kharkiv]. Ukrainska Pravda (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
- ^ "Блок Кернеса висунув Терехова кандидатом у мери" [Kernes' bloc nominated Terekhov as a candidate for mayor]. Ukrainska Pravda (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
- ^ The number of the available population of Ukraine as of January 1, 2022 (PDF), archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2022, retrieved 26 March 2023
- ^ Ukraine's second Winter Olympics: one medal, some good performances Archived 3 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine, The Ukrainian Weekly (1 March 1998)
- ^ Kharkiv "never had eastern-western conflicts" Archived 20 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Euronews (23 October 2014)
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^ Balmforth, Tom. "Ukraine's air defence shortages leave Kharkiv more exposed to Russian bombs". Reuters. (12 April 2024)
- ^ Security, Ellie Cook; Reporter, Defense (11 April 2024). "Zelensky issues dire Kharkiv warning". Newsweek. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
- ^ "Ukraine war briefing: Kharkiv residents suffer as Russia intensifies attacks | Ukraine | The Guardian". amp.theguardian.com. Retrieved 1 May 2024.