Khawaja Nazimuddin

Khawaja Nazimuddin
খাজা নাজিমুদ্দিন
خواجہ ناظِمُ الدّین
Nazimuddin in 1948
2nd Governor-General of Pakistan
In office
14 September 1948 – 17 October 1951
MonarchGeorge VI
Prime MinisterLiaquat Ali Khan
Preceded byMuhammad Ali Jinnah
Succeeded byMalik Ghulam Muhammad
2nd Prime Minister of Pakistan
In office
17 October 1951 – 17 April 1953
MonarchsGeorge VI
Elizabeth II
Governor GeneralSir Malik Ghulam Muhammad
Preceded byLiaquat Ali Khan
Succeeded byMohammad Ali Bogra
Chief Minister of East Bengal
In office
15 August 1947 – 14 September 1948
MonarchGeorge VI
Governor GeneralMuhammad Ali Jinnah
Prime MinisterLiaquat Ali Khan
GovernorSir Fredrick Chalmers Bourne
Preceded byHuseyn Suhrawardy (as Prime minister of Bengal)
Succeeded byNurul Amin
2nd Prime Minister of Bengal
In office
29 April 1943 – 31 March 1945
MonarchGeorge VI
Governors General
GovernorRichard Casey, Baron Casey
Preceded byFazlul Haq
Succeeded byHuseyn Suhrawardy
President of Muslim League
In office
17 October 1951 – 17 April 1953
Preceded byLiaquat Ali Khan
Succeeded byMohammad Ali of Bogra
Personal details
Born(1894-07-19)19 July 1894
Dacca, Bengal, British India
Died22 October 1964(1964-10-22) (aged 70)
Dacca, East Pakistan, Pakistan
Resting placeMausoleum of Three Leaders,
Dhaka, Bangladesh
CitizenshipBritish Indian (1894–1947)
Pakistani (1947–1964)
Political partyMuslim League (1947–1958)
Other political
affiliations
All-India Muslim League
(1922–1947)
Pakistan Muslim League
(1947–1964)
SpouseShahbano Ashraf
RelationsKhwaja Shahabuddin (brother)
Alma materCambridge University (MA)
Aligarh Muslim University (BA)
ProfessionBarrister, politician

Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin KCIE (Bengali: খাজা নাজিমুদ্দীন; Urdu: خواجہ ناظِمُ الدّین; 19 July 1894 – 22 October 1964) was a Pakistani politician and statesman who served as the second governor-general of Pakistan from 1948 to 1951, and later as the second prime minister of Pakistan from 1951 to 1953.

Born into an aristocratic Nawab family in Bengal in 1894, he was educated at the Aligarh Muslim University before pursuing his post-graduation studies at the Cambridge University. Upon returning, he embarked on his journey as a politician on the platform of All-India Muslim League. Initially, his political career revolved around advocating for educational reforms and development in Bengal. Later on he started supporting the cause for a separate Muslim homeland, rising to become the party's principal Bengali leader and a close associate of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He served as Prime Minister of Bengal in British India from 1943 to 1945, and later as the 1st Chief Minister of East Bengal in independent Pakistan.

Nazimuddin ascended to Governor-General in 1948 after the death of Jinnah, before becoming Prime Minister in 1951 following the assassination of his predecessor, Liaquat Ali Khan.[1] His term was marked by constant power struggles with his own successor as Governor-General, Ghulam Muhammad, as law and order deteriorated amid the rise of the Bengali language movement and protests in his native Dhaka in 1952, and religious riots in Lahore a year later. The latter crisis saw the first instance of martial law, limited to the city, and led to Governor-General Ghulam Muhammad dismissing Nazimuddin on 17 April 1953.

Nazimuddin's ministry was the first federal government to be dismissed in Pakistan's history, though his former ministers Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar, Abdul Sattar Pirzada, and Mahmud Husain refused to take the oath of office in the new cabinet.[2] He retired from national politics, dying after a brief illness in 1964. He is buried at the Mausoleum of Three Leaders in Dhaka.[3] He was one of the leading founding fathers of Pakistan and the first Bengali to have governed Pakistan.

  1. ^ "Khawaja Nazimuddin profile". PakistanHerald.com website. Archived from the original on 21 January 2018. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  2. ^ Callard, Keith (1957). Pakistan: A Political Study. London: George Allen & Unwin. pp. 135–136. OCLC 16879711.
  3. ^ "In Memory of the Three Leaders". 12 August 2016. Archived from the original on 14 October 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2017.