Khun Sa | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) Khun Sa at his jungle headquarters in Myanmar (Burma), 1988 | |||||||||
| Native name | ခွန်ဆာ Chang Chi-fu | ||||||||
| Birth name | Sai Sa | ||||||||
| Other name(s) | จันทร์ จางตระกูล (Chan Changtrakul) Tun Sa U Htet Aung | ||||||||
| Born | 17 February 1934 Loi Maw, Mongyai, British Burma | ||||||||
| Died | 26 October 2007 (aged 73) Yangon, Myanmar | ||||||||
| Buried | Yayway Cemetery, Yangon | ||||||||
| Allegiance | Mong Tai Army Shan United Revolutionary Army | ||||||||
| Years of service | 1985–1996 | ||||||||
| Rank | Commander-in-chief | ||||||||
| Battles/wars | 1967 Opium War, Internal conflict in Myanmar | ||||||||
| Other work | Shan warlord | ||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 張奇夫 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 张奇夫 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Khun Sa (Burmese: ခွန်ဆာ, pronounced [kʰʊ̀ɰ̃ sʰà]; 17 February 1934 – 26 October 2007) was an ethnic Chinese drug lord and warlord. He was born in Hpa Hpeung village, in the Loi Maw ward of Mongyai, Northern Shan State, Burma.[1] Before he assumed the Shan name "Khun Sa" in 1976, he was known primarily by his Chinese name, Zhang Qifu (張奇夫).
In his early life Khun Sa received military equipment and training from both the Kuomintang and Burmese Army before claiming to fight for the independence of Shan State and going on to establish his own independent territory. He was dubbed the "Opium King" in Myanmar due to his massive opium smuggling operations in the Golden Triangle, where he was the dominant opium warlord from approximately 1976 to 1996. Although the American ambassador to Thailand called him "the worst enemy the world has", he successfully co-opted the support of both the Thai and Burmese governments at various times. After the American Drug Enforcement Administration uncovered and broke the link between Khun Sa and his foreign brokers, he "surrendered" to the Burmese government in 1996, disbanding his army and moving to Yangon with his wealth and mistresses. After his retirement some of his forces refused to surrender and continued fighting the government, but he engaged in "legitimate" business projects, especially mining and construction. He died in 2007 at the age of 73. Today, his children are prominent businesspeople in Myanmar.
- ^ Doi Mae Salong