Khwaja Ahrar | |
|---|---|
 Khwaja Ahrar, Mughal Empire Archives, British Museum | |
| Personal | |
| Born | March 1404 AD |
| Died | 1490 (aged 85–86) AD |
| Religion | Islam |
| Denomination | Sunni |
| Jurisprudence | Hanafi |
| Creed | Maturidi[1] |
| Muslim leader | |
| Predecessor | Yaqub al-Charkhi |
| Successor | Muhammad Zahid Wakhshi |
| Arabic name | |
| Personal (Ism) | ʿUbaydullāh عبيد الله |
| Patronymic (Nasab) | ibn Maḥmūd ibn Shihāb ad-Dīn بن محمود بن شهاب الدين |
| Epithet (Laqab) | Aḥrār أحرار Nāṣir ad-Dīn ناصر الدين |
| Toponymic (Nisba) | at-Tūrānī التوراني |
| Part of a series on Islam Sufism |
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Nāṣir ad-Dīn ʿUbaydullāh ibn Maḥmūd ibn Shihāb ad-Dīn (1404–1490; Arabic: ناصرالدین عبیدالله احرار) more popularly known as Khwaja Ahrar (Persian: خواجه احرار) was a member of the Golden Chain of the Naqshbandi Sufi spiritual order of Central Asia. He was born in Samarkand, city in Central Asia,[2] to a Muslim family. He was born to Khwaja Mehmood Shashi bin Khwaja Shihabuddin. His forefathers had migrated from Baghdad, and his lineage was connected to Abu Bakr Siddique from his paternal side and Umar Farooq from the maternal side.[3][4] Khwaja Ahrar was deeply involved in the social, political and economics activities of Transoxania. He was born into a relatively poor yet highly spiritual family and, at the age of maturity, he was probably the richest person in the kingdom.[5] He was a close associate of all the leading dervishes of the time. Maulana Abdur Rahman Jami was a disciple of his.[6][7] He learned and practiced the secrets of spirituality under his father and later under Khwaja Yaqub Charkhi.[8]
- ^ Nishapuri, Mir Abd al-Avval (2002). Malfuzat Ahrar. Markaz-i Našr-i Dānišgāhī. p. 208.
- ^ Ṣafī, ʻAlī ibn Ḥusayn Kāshifī; Holland, Muhtar (2001). Beads of dew : from the source of life : histories of the Khwājagān, the masters of wisdom = Rashaḥāt 'ain al-ḥayāt. Al-Baz Publishing. p. 245. ISBN 1882216210. OCLC 70661671.
- ^ Šayḫ, Mawlānā; Kawamoto, Masatomo (2004). Maqāmāt-i Ḫwāǧa Aḥrār : tad̲kira-i Ḫwāǧa Nāṣir ad-Dīn ʻUbaydallāh Aḥrār (806 tā 895 q). Muʼassasa-i Muṭālaʻāt-i Zabānhā wa Farhanghā-i Āsiyā wa Āfrīqā. p. 21. ISBN 4872978986. OCLC 727987567.
- ^ Safi, Mawlana Ali ibn Husain (2001). Rashahat Ain al-Hayat. Translated by Holland, Muhtar. Al Baz.
- ^ Algar, H. (2004-05-01). "Review: The Letters of Khwaja 'Ubayd Allah Ahrar and his Associates * Jo-Ann Gross, Asom Urunbaev: The Letters of Khwaja 'Ubayd Allah Ahrar and his Associates". Journal of Islamic Studies. 15 (2): 225. doi:10.1093/jis/15.2.224. ISSN 0955-2340.
- ^ "The Development of the Naqshband". www.allamaiqbal.com. Retrieved 2019-02-11.
- ^ "Aḥrār, Khvāja ʿUbaydallāh". doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_com_23939.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Ṣafī, ʻAlī ibn Ḥusayn Kāshifī; Holland, Muhtar (2001). Beads of dew : from the source of life : histories of the Khwājagān, the masters of wisdom = Rashaḥāt 'ain al-ḥayāt. Al-Baz Publishing. p. 250. ISBN 1882216210. OCLC 70661671.