Kincardine, Aberdeenshire

56°51′55″N 2°32′37″W / 56.8654°N 2.5435°W / 56.8654; -2.5435

Not to be confused with Kincardine, Fife or Kincardine, Sutherland.
For the village in Deeside, see Kincardine O'Neil.

The site of Kincardine Castle

Kincardine was a burgh in Scotland, near the present-day village of Fettercairn. It gave its name to and served as the first county town of Kincardineshire.

The settlement gradually developed around Kincardine Castle. The origin of the castle is not known, although it has been popularly identified as the place of death of Kenneth II.[1] The Carnegies were made stewards of the castle during the reign of William the Lion. In 1296, it was the location where John Balliol confessed to rebellion against Edward I of England. It was kept in good repair over the following centuries, and was visited by Mary, Queen of Scots.[2]

By 1532, the castle was a secondary residence of William Keith, 4th Earl Marischal, and appears to have been at the centre of the small town, occupying about two hundred yards between gates on the main road.[3] The Earl petitioned for Kincardine to be declared as a free burgh and county town for the Mearns.[4] The petition claimed that the sheriff courts for the Mearns were already being held in the town, and that it was reputed to have previously been made a free burgh, but that the charter had been lost. He was successful, and on 27 January 1531/2, Kincardine became the county town of the newly created county of Kincardineshire.[5]

By 1600, the burgh was in decline, and the sheriff and his deputes complained to the king that the accommodation for them was unsuitable, no tolbooth having been constructed; they were successful in having the county town moved to Stonehaven.[3]

Without county town status, Kincardine quickly dwindled, and the castle fell into ruin. By the 1830s, it was described as a "mere hamlet" and it was noted that "only the foundations of the [castle] walls can be traced",[6] and by 1870 there were no surviving houses.[3] The castle foundations survive today, forming a Scheduled Monument.[7] The cemetery of the former St Catherine of Siena Chapel also survives, with part of its wall and an 18th-century gravestone.[8]

  1. ^ Ashley, Mike (2012). The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens. Hachette UK. ISBN 1472101138.
  2. ^ Geddes, Jane (2001). Deeside and the Mearns: An Illustrated Architectural Guide. Rutland. p. 51. ISBN 1873190409.
  3. ^ a b c Jervise, Andrew (1861). Memorials of Angus and the Mearns. Edinburgh: Andrew & Charles Black. p. 87.
  4. ^ Cameron, Jamie; MacDougall, Norman (1998). James V: The Personal Rule, 1528-1542. Tuckwell Press. p. 148.
  5. ^ Napier, James (1870). Stonehaven and its Historical Associations. Stonehaven: John Taylor. p. 18.
  6. ^ Pigot and Co.'s national Commercial Directory of the Whole of Scotland and of the Isle of Man. London: J. Pigot & Co. 1837. p. 499.
  7. ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Kincardine Castle (SM988)". Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  8. ^ "St Catherine's Chapel and Burying Ground". Places of Worship in Scotland. Scottish Church Heritage Research. Retrieved 16 February 2018.