Kingdom of Desmond

Kingdom of Desmond
Deasmhumhain
1118–1596
The Mac Cárthaigh as leaders of the Eóganacht Chaisil provided the kings of Desmond. of Desmond
The Mac Cárthaigh as leaders of the Eóganacht Chaisil provided the kings of Desmond.
A map featuring a much reduced Desmond in 1450, marked as MacCarthy Mór.
A map featuring a much reduced Desmond in 1450, marked as MacCarthy Mór.
CapitalKillarney, Lough Leane and Cahersiveen
Common languagesMiddle Irish, Early Modern Irish, Latin
Religion
Catholic Christianity
Gaelic tradition
GovernmentTanistry
King / Prince 
• 1118–1123
Tadhg Mac Cárthaigh
• 1558–1596
Domhnall Mac Cárthaigh
History 
• Established
1118
• Disestablished
1596
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Kingdom of Munster
Kingdom of Carbery
Earldom of Desmond
Kingdom of Ireland
Today part ofIreland

The Kingdom of Desmond (Irish: Deasmhumhain, meaning 'South Munster') was a historic kingdom in southwestern Ireland. It was founded in 1118 by Tadhg Mac Cárthaigh, King of Munster when the Treaty of Glanmire formally divided the Kingdom of Munster into Desmond and Thomond (Tuadh-Mhumhain, "North Munster"). It comprised all of what is now County Cork and most of County Kerry. Desmond was ruled by the Mac Cárthaigh (MacCarthy) dynasty. Other clans within the kingdom included the O'Sullivans and O'Donovans. Following the Norman invasion of Ireland in the late 12th century, the eastern half of Desmond was conquered by the Anglo-Normans and became the Earldom of Desmond, ruled by the Fitzmaurices and FitzGeralds—the famous Irish family known as the Geraldines. The king of Desmond, Diarmaid Mac Cárthaigh submitted to Henry II of England, but the western half of Desmond lived on as a semi-independent Gaelic kingdom. It was often at war with the Anglo-Normans. Fínghin Mac Carthaigh's victory over the Anglo-Normans at the Battle of Callann (1261) helped preserve Desmond's independence. The kings of Desmond founded sites such as Blarney Castle, Ballycarbery Castle, Muckross Abbey and Kilcrea Friary. Following the Nine Years' War of the 1590s, Desmond became part of the Kingdom of Ireland.