^Duncan, Walter (1962). "Chapter 12: The Parish of Kirkmahoe". In Houston, George (ed.). The County of Dumfries. The Third Statistical Account of Scotland. Glasgow: Collins. p. 139.
For the linguistic details of these names see Jackson, Kenneth Hurlstone (1958). "Chapter VI: The Sources for the Life of St Kentigern". In Chadwick, Nora K. (ed.). Studies in the Early British Church. Cambridge University Press. pp. 300–302. and Ó Baoill, Colm (1993). "St Machar - Some Linguistic Light?". Innes Review. 44: 9–10. doi:10.3366/inr.1993.44.1.1.