Greg Koehler (born 1975), Canadian ice hockey player for the Bloomington Prairie Thunder in the International Hockey League
Herman Koehler (1859–1927), American football coach, athletics administrator, and United States Army officer
Herman Koehler (end) (1873–1931), American college football and ice hockey player
Hugo W. Koehler (1886–1941), American naval officer and special agent during the Russian Civil War
Jack Koehler (1930–2012), German-born American journalist and executive for the Associated Press, who also briefly served as the White House Communications Director
James Stark Koehler (1914– 2006), American physicist, specializing in metal defects and their interactions, known for the eponymous Peach-Koehler stress formula
Johann Gottfried Koehler (1745–1801), German astronomer who discovered a number of nebulae, star clusters, and galaxies
Judy Koehler (born 1941), Republican, former Illinois State Representative, U.S. Senate nominee, 18th Congressional district primary contestant, and losing incumbent to the Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court
Kyle Koehler (born 1961), American politician, Representative for the 79th district of the Ohio House of Representatives
Lyle Koehler (1944–2015). American historian and author
Otto Koehler (1889–1974), German zoologist and pioneer ethologist
Pip Koehler (1902–1986), former Major League Baseball outfielder for the 1925 New York Giants
Paul Koehler, drummer in Silverstein, a Canadian straight-edge emo band
Robert Koehler, German-born painter and art teacher who spent most of his career in the United States of America
Ted Koehler (1894–1973), American lyricist who collaborated with composer Harold Arlen to write for live shows and movies from the 1920s through the 1940s