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Kollam
Quilon | |
|---|---|
 From top clockwise:An aerial view of the Ashtamudi Lake & The Raviz, Thangasseri Lighthouse, Ruins of St Thomas Fort, Kollam KSRTC bus station & KSWTD Boat Jetty, British Residency, Downtown Kollam area including RP Mall, Tourists in Munroe Island, Adventure Park, Kollam Junction railway station, Break Water Tourism & Kollam Port, Kollam Beach and Chinnakada Clock Tower | |
| Etymology: Black pepper: kola ("black pepper") | |
| Nickname(s): "Prince of Arabian sea" "Cashew Capital of the World"[1] "The Gateway to Backwaters" "Fountain of Youth"[2][3] | |
 Location of the city within Kollam Metropolitan Area | |
  Kollam Kollam (India)  Kollam Kollam (Kerala) | |
| Coordinates: 8°53′35.5″N 76°36′50.8″E / 8.893194°N 76.614111°E[1] | |
| Country |  India |
| Region | South India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Kollam |
| Former Name | Quilon, Desinganadu, Venad, Columbum, Kaulam (see Names for Kollam) |
| Native Language | Malayalam |
| Established | 1099 |
| Founded by | Rama Varma Kulashekhara |
| Boroughs | 7 Zones: Central Zone-1, Central Zone-2, Eravipuram, Vadakkevila, Sakthikulangara, Kilikolloor, Thrikadavoor |
| Government | |
| • Type | Mayor–Council |
| • Body | Kollam Municipal Corporation |
| • Mayor | Prasanna Earnest (CPI(M)) |
| • MP | N.K Premachandran |
| • MLA | M. Mukesh |
| • District Collector | Devidas N IAS |
| • City Police Commissioner | Vivek Kumar IPS |
| Area | |
| 73.03 km2 (28.20 sq mi) | |
| • Rank | 4 |
| Elevation | 38.32 m (125.72 ft) |
| Population (2011)[4] | |
| 397,419 | |
| • Rank | 5 (41th IN) |
| • Density | 5,400/km2 (14,000/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,871,086 |
| Demonym(s) | Kollamite, Kollathukaaran/kaari, Kollamkaran/kaari |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Malayalam English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 691 XXX |
| Telephone code | +91474xxxxxxx |
| Vehicle registration | Kollam- KL 02, Karunagapally- KL 23, Kottarakkara- KL 24, Punalur- KL 25, Kunnathur- KL 61, Pathanapuram- KL 80, Chadayamangalam- KL 82 |
| HDI | High |
| Literacy | 91.18%[6] |
| UN/LOCODE | IN QUI IN KUK |
| Website | www |
Kollam (Malayalam: [kolːɐm] ; also known by its former name Quilon[a]), is an ancient seaport and the fourth largest city in the Indian state of Kerala. Located on the southern tip of the Malabar Coast of the Arabian Sea, the city is on the banks of Ashtamudi Lake and is 71 kilometers (44 mi) northwest of the Thiruvananthapuram.[7] Kollam is one of India's oldest continuously inhabited cities,[8][9] with evidence of habitation stretching back to the megalithic; the city has also been a maritime entrepôt millennia, the earliest attestation of which dates back to the Phoenicians and Romans.[10] It is the southern gateway to the Backwaters of Kerala,[11] and is known for its cashew processing, coir manufacturing, and tourism industries.[12][13]
Kollam has a strong commercial reputation since ancient times. The Arabs, Phoenicians, Chinese, Ethiopians, Syrians, Jews, Chaldeans and Romans have all engaged in trade at the port of Kollam for millennia.[14] As a result of Chinese trade, Kollam was mentioned by Ibn Battuta in the 14th century as one of the five Indian ports he had seen during the course of his twenty-four-year travels.[15][16] Desinganadu's rajas exchanged embassies with Chinese rulers while there was a flourishing Chinese settlement at Kollam. In the ninth century, on his way to Canton, China, Persian merchant Sulaiman al-Tajir found Kollam to be the only port in India visited by huge Chinese junks. Marco Polo, the Venetian traveller, who was in Chinese service under Kublai Khan in 1275, visited Kollam and other towns on the west coast, in his capacity as a Chinese mandarin.[17] Kollam is also home to one of the seven churches that were established by St Thomas as well as one of the 10 oldest mosques believed to be found by Malik Deenar in Kerala. Roman Catholic Diocese of Quilon is the first diocese in India.[18]
V. Nagam Aiya in his Travancore State Manual records that in 822 AD two East Syriac bishops Mar Sabor and Mar Proth, settled in Quilon with their followers. Two years later the Malabar Era began (824 AD) and Quilon became the premier city of the Malabar region ahead of Travancore and Cochin.[19] Kollam Port was founded by Mar Sabor at Tangasseri in 825 as an alternative to reopening the inland seaport of Kore-ke-ni Kollam near Backare (Thevalakara), which was also known as Nelcynda and Tyndis to the Romans and Greeks and as Thondi to the Tamils.[19] Thambiran Vanakkam printed in 20 October 1578 at Kollam was the first book to be published in an Indian language.[20]
Kollam city corporation received ISO 9001:2015 certification for municipal administration and services.[21] As per the survey conducted by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) based on urban area growth during January 2020, Kollam became the tenth fastest growing city in the world with a 31.1% urban growth between 2015 and 2020.[22] It is a coastal city and on the banks of Ashtamudi Lake. The city hosts the administrative offices of Kollam district and is a prominent trading city for the state. The proportion of females to males in Kollam city is second highest among the 500 most populous cities in India.[23] Kollam is one of the least polluted cities in India.[24]
During the later stages of the rule of the Chera monarchy in Kerala, Kollam emerged as the focal point of trade and politics. Kollam continues to be a major business and commercial centre in Kerala. Four major trading centers around Kollam are Kottarakara, Punalur, Paravur, and Karunagapally. Kollam appeared as Palombe in Mandeville's Travels, where he claimed it contained a Fountain of Youth.[25][26]
- ^ "Kollam's cashew crunch". The Hindu. 28 April 2018. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
- ^ "Kollam, Quilon, Land of cashew, coir, backwaters, Kerala Tourism".
- ^ "The Tragic History of the Search for the Fountain of Youth". Grunge. 14 August 2020.
- ^ "Kerala (India): Districts, Cities and Towns - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
- ^ "Demographia World Urban Areas" (PDF). Demographia. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
- ^ "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
- ^ "Kollam - Encyclopaedia Britannica". Britannica. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
- ^ "12 Oldest Living and Continuously Inhabited Cities of India". 16 June 2016.
- ^ "History | District Kollam, Government of Kerala | India".
- ^ A., Shaji; H., Adabiya (11 March 2020). "The Early Maritime Trade Relations of Kollam: A Historical Introspection" (PDF). Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology. 8.2.
- ^ "Ashtamudi Lake, the gateway to the backwaters of Kerala". Kerala Tourism.
- ^ "In 2 years, 80% cashew producing units closed in Kollam". www.downtoearth.org.in.
- ^ "Coir products of Kerala, Kollam, Kerala, India". Kerala Tourism.
- ^ Sasthri, K. A. Nilakanta (1958) [1935]. History of South India (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
- ^ "Kozhikode to China: IIT Prof Unearths 700-YO Link That'll Will Blow Your Mind!". The Better India. 26 July 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
- ^ "Kollam - Mathrubhumi". Archived from the original on 9 October 2014.
- ^ "Short History of Kollam".
- ^ "Diocese of Quilon". www.quilondiocese.com. Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
- ^ a b Aiyya, V.V Nagom, State Manual p. 244
- ^ "Tamil saw its first book in 1578". The Hindu. 20 June 2010. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
- ^ "Kollam Corporation achieved ISO Certification". 17 May 2019. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
- ^ "3 of world's 10 fastest-growing urban areas are in Kerala: Economist ranking". 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
- ^ "census2011.co.in - Indian Cities". Retrieved 7 December 2015.
- ^ "The 4 Least Polluted Cities in India - India.com". 7 December 2015. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
- ^ Mandeville, John. The Travels of Sir John Mandeville. Accessed 24 September 2011.
- ^ Kohanski, Tamarah & Benson, C. David (Eds.) The Book of John Mandeville. Medieval Institute Publications (Kalamazoo), 2007. Op. cit. "Indexed Glossary of Proper Names". Accessed 24 September 2011.
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